Table 2.

Modelling of short-term mortality using two frailty instruments within the CriSTAL tool for Danish data alone (external validation N = 1311) and in the Australian cohort (internal validation N = 1013)

A. External validation (DK cohort)	A. DK model with fried frailty scale				B. DK model with CFS frailty scale
Effect	OR	95% Wald Confidence limits		p value	OR	95% Wald Confidence limits		p value
Intercept	0.0222	0.0128	0.0336	< 0.0001	0.0042	0.0016	0.0088	< 0.0001
Age	1.06	1.03	1.09	< 0.001	1.05	1.02	1.08	0.0004
Male	2.16	1.50	3.21	< 0.001	1.97	1.34	2.94	0.0006
Advanced malignancy	4.21	2.54	6.91	< 0.001	3.22	1.90	5.44	< 0.001
Oxygen saturationa	2.04	1.39	3.01	0.0003	1.56	1.06	2.30	0.0266
Any mental impairment	1.87	1.22	2.89	0.0038
Frailty as fried	1.52	1.33	1.78	< 0.001
Frailty as CFS					1.65	1.46	1.90	< 0.001
AUROC	0.764 (0.727–0.810)				0.794 (0.755–0.837)

B. Internal derivation (Aus cohort)	A. Aus model with fried frailty scale				B. Aus model with CFS frailty scale
Effect	OR	95% Wald Confidence limits		p value	OR	95% Wald Confidence limits		p value
Intercept	0.007	0.003	0.014	< 0.001	0.00157	0.00045	0.00404	< 0.0001
Age	1.04	1.01	1.07	0.012	1.04	0.99	1.07	0.0385
Male	2.19	1.39	3.62	0.001	2.45	1.50	4.20	0.0008
Advanced malignancy	5.91	2.89	12.25	< 0.001	4.92	2.19	10.82	< 0.001
Nursing home residence	3.12	1.61	5.91	0.001
Frailty as Fried	2.15	1.75	2.75	< 0.001
Frailty as CFS					1.97	1.46	1.81	< 0.001
AUROC	0.825 (0.784–0.869)				0.809 (0.761–0.857)

Excludes those lost to follow-up by the end of the study

DK Denmark, Aus Australia

^aAbnormally low and meeting calling criteria for rapid response call (SaO₂ ≤ 90%)