Table 4.

Test of association between predictive variables with level of adherence

Variables	Adherence		OR (95% CI)		P-value
	Poor (238)	Good (82)	COR	AOR
Resident
Urban	129	61	–	–	–
Rural	109	21	2.254 (2.015–2.922)	2.423 (2.132–4.067)	0.043*
Educational status
Unable to read and write	131	7	2.241 (2.041–3.441)	2.613 (2.021, 6.664) *	0.032*
Primary education	16	9	0.98 (0.679–1.226)	0.643 (0.0324–1.079)	0.623
Secondary education	17	18	0.76 (0.214–2.940)	0.482 (0.09–4.371)	0.751
Higher education	57	48	–	–	–
Occupational status
Student	2	2	–	–	–
Unemployed	70	12	2.431 (2.018, 12.790)	4.148 (2.641, 19.13) *	0.024*
Government employee	49	29	0.769 (0.49–2.52)	0.83 (0.55, 1.98)	0.641
Self-employed	96	25	0.62 (0.21–2.84)	1.74 (0.50, 10.66)	0.645
Non-governmental employee	21	14	0.869 (0.49–2.52)	0.93 (0.25, 1.87)	0.751
Monthly income in USD
> 250	5	38	–	–	–
150–250	61	34	2.322 (0.845–5.799)	1.833 (0.672–5.513)	0.237
< 150	172	10	4.860 (2.003–9.484)	6.781 (2.001–9.902)	0.027*
Duration since diagnosis of DM
0–5 years			–	–	–
5–10 years			0.0881 (0.0764–14.704)	0.076 (0.032–19.872)	0.075
> 10 years			2.434 (2.115–8.230)	2.814 (2.781–12.060)	0.037*
Duration since starting DM treatment
0–5 years			3.74 (1.415–9.230)	5.714 (2.81–14.160)	0.07
5–10 years			0.881 (0.264–3.704)	2.626 (1.103–3.872)	0.065
> 10 years			–	–	–
Family history of DM
Yes	29	61	–	–	–
No	209	21	1.054 (0.645–1.722)	0.823 (0.432–1.567)	0.55
Co-morbidity
Yes	108	21	4.76 (2.55, 7.03)	7.60 (3.29, 14.845) *	0.002*
No	130	61	–	–	–
Physical exercise
Yes	69	53	–	–	–
No	169	29	2.09 (0.88–4.30)	0.988 (0.0218, 1.770)	0.627
Previous exposure to any education regarding diet recommendation from healthcare providers
Yes	79	69	–	–	–
No	191	13	5.24 (3.49–8.37)	8.14 (2.27–47.29) *	0.0001*

Level, * significant at 0.05 level

AOR Adjusted Odds Ratio, COR Crude Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval