Figure 9.

Comparison of surface temperatures predicted by the radiative-convective (RC) and radiative-convective-subsiding (RCS) models with many GCM simulations (N = 241). The red dots represent simulations that are both rapidly rotating and have hot/thin atmospheres $a^2/L_{Ro}^2⩾1$ and t_wave/t_rad exceeds threshold from Equation (34)), the blue dots show all other simulations. Top left: the average nightside temperature, RC model vs. GCM. Top right: the average dayside temperature, RC model vs. GCM. Bottom left: the average nightside temperature, RCS model vs. GCM. Bottom right: the average dayside temperature, RCS model vs. GCM. The RCS model captures nightside temperatures much better than the RC model. The RCS model breaks down only for atmosphere that are both rapidly rotating and hot/thin (red dots; see Section 7).