Table 3.

Effect of Season on Bone Markers in Males and Females.

	Males				Females
	Winter_1	Summer	Winter_2	p-value	Winter_1	Summer	Winter_2	p-value
N	23				12
Age (years)	57.1 ± 7.7				43.9 ± 13.2
BMI (kg/m2)	29.7 ± 1.4	28.5 ± 1.9	28.5 ± 2.0	0.70	33.4 ± 1.2	34.3 ± 1.4	34.1 ± 1.4	0.47
Systolic BP (mmHg)	116.2 ± 3.2	120.0 ± 2.6	120.0 ± 4.2	0.57	128.8 ± 5.3	131.1 ± 2.0	125.5 ± 3.4	0.58
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	78.1 ± 1.8	76.2 ± 2.6	77.5 ± 2.5	0.80	80.0 ± 2.8	82.2 ± 2.2	75.5±2.4	0.27
Glucose (mmol/L)	10.0 ± 0.24	12.9 ± 0.14	11.2 ± 0.15	0.49	9.4 ± 0.13	11.0 ± 0.12	11.0 ± 0.11	0.45
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.8 ± 0.19	2.2 ± 0.25	2.3 ± 0.46	0.28	2.7 ± 0.82	2.1 ± 0.21	1.9 ± 0.17	0.54
Total Cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.1 ± 0.35	5.1 ± 0.47	4.8 ± 0.21	0.86	5.6 ± 0.37	5.1 ± 0.29	5.0 ± 0.32	0.16
Calcium (mmol/L)	2.4 ± 0.11	2.4 ± 0.03	2.6 ± 0.07	0.08	2.5 ± 0.02	2.4 ± 0.05	2.4 ± 0.07	0.24
Corrected Calcium (mmol/L)	2.3 ± 0.06	2.4 ± 0.03	2.5 ± 0.05 *#	0.004	2.5 ± 0.03	2.3 ± 0.05	2.5±0.06	0.07
Vitamin D (nmol/L)	29.8 ± 0.10	61.7 ± 0.11 *	52.6 ± 0.09 *	<0.001	35.6 ± 0.10	72.3 ± 0.16	57.9 ± 0.09 *	0.02
Osteocalcin (ng/mL)	6.5 ± 0.10	9.0 ± 0.11	7.3 ± 0.12	0.11	4.4 ± 0.24	2.3 ± 0.20	1.9 ± 0.25	0.87
Osteoprotegerin (pg/mL)	533.5 (274)	558.3 (294)	487.9 (278)	0.45	559.9 (392)	420.2 (309)	436.1 (248)	0.29
Osteopontin (ng/mL)	1.8 ± 0.25	4.5±0.21	6.2 ± 0.29 *	0.01	3.4 ± 0.14	3.7 ± 0.26	4.3 ± 0.15	0.59
Crosslaps (ng/mL)	0.27 ± 0.03	0.16 ± 0.03 *	0.18 ± 0.02	0.005	0.23 ± 0.04	0.15 ± 0.03	0.17 ± 0.04	0.12

Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance.