Table 3.

Kabachnik–Fields reactions carried out in the presence of catalysts.

Catalyst	Solvent	MW/Δ	T [°C]	t	Yield (Product) [%]	Ref.
Phthalocyanine-AlCl	CH2Cl2	–	26 a	12 h	92 (8b), 85 (8p)	[26]
Mg(ClO4)2	–	–	26	2 min/8 h	90–98 ( 8f, 8g, 8j, 8n-p)	[27]
Mg(ClO4)2	–	Δ	50-80	45 min–12 h	80–99 (8f, 8i, 8l,8n-p)	[27,28]
Mg(ClO4)2	EtOH	Δ	50	5 h/12 h	85 (8f), 99 (8i)	[28]
M(OTf)n M = Li, Mg, Al, Cu, Ce	–	Δ	80	20 min–3.5 h	72–95 (8f, 8i, 8n)	[29]
GaI3	CH2Cl2	–	26	3–6 h	74–92 (8f, 8i, 8k, 8n)	[30]
In(OTf)3	THF	Δ	66	21–35 h	47–85 (8f, 8i, 8n, 8o)	[31]
BiNO3	–	– b	26	10 h	93 (8f), 91 (8i)	[32]
BiCl3	MeCN	Δ	80	6–15 h	80–92 (8f, 8g, 8i, 8j, 8o)	[33]
FeCl3	EtOH (or solvent free)	–	26		~90 (8f)	[34]
YbCl3	MeCN	–	26	24 h	63–96 (8f, 8i, 8k)	[35]
SmI2 (+ 4 Å mol sieves)	MeCN	Δ	80	24 h	18–92 (8f, 8i, 8k)	[36]
ceric ammonium nitrate	MeCN	–	26	3 h	86 (8f), 87 (8n)	[37]
InCl3	THF	Δ	66	9–12 h	81–93 (8f, 8i, 8l, 8o)	[38]
InCl3	DMF	MW	no data	2 min	82 (8f) c	[39]
InCl3	[bmim][PF6]	MW	no data	2 min	91 (8f) c	[39]
Ln(OTf)3 Ln = Yb, Sc, Dy, Sm	DMF	MW	no data	2 min	72 ( 8f) c	[39]
Ln(OTf)3 Ln = Yb, Sc, Dy, Sm	[bmim][PF6]	–	26	27 h	92 (8f) c	[40]
Ln(OTf)3 Ln = Yb, Sc, Dy, Gd	[bmim][PF6]	MW	no data	2 min	89 (8f) c	[39]
the solvent acts as catalyst	[bmim][BF4]	–	26	5 h/8 h	90 (8f), 84 (8f)	[41]

^a Diethyl phosphite was added to preformed imines; ^b Was also performed under MW; ^c The product was extracted with benzene.