Table 5.
Extraction method | Optimum technology | Extraction rate (%) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Ultrasonic | Ultrasonic time: 40 min; ultrasonic power: 400 W; solid to liquid ratio: 1:10; extraction times: 2 | 2.74 | [176] |
Pectinase | Compound pectinase: 1%; temperature: 60 °C; pH value: 3.5; the heating time: 150 min | 11.3 | [177] |
Basic | Extraction temperature: 95 °C; Extraction time: 150 min; the concentration of NaOH: 0.8 mol/L; solid to liquid ratio: 1:200 g/mL | 2.69 | [178] |
Enzymic | Cellulase: 0.15%; the compound pectinase: 10%; time: 210 min; pH: 3.4; temperature: 60 °C | 3.03 | [179] |
Microwave assisted | Microwave power: 231 W; solid to liquid ratio: 1:40; extraction time: 10 min | 3.06 | [180] |
Cellulose enzymic | Cellulase: 0.25%; time: 120 min; pH value: 4.0; temperature: 50 °C. | 7.26 | [181] |
Basic | Extraction temperature: 90 °C; extraction time: 4 h. | 6.7 | [182] |