TABLE 3.

Common Dosing Regimens for Treatment of PDA

MEDICATION	DOSING	CONTRAINDICATIONS	DRUG MONITORING
Acetaminophen	IV or PO: 7.5,10, or 15 mg/kg per dose every 6–8 hours for 3–7 days (length determined by echo)	•Liver failure	AST, ALT, GGT and acetaminophen level before 9th dose
Ibuprofen	IV: 20 mg/kg followed by 10 mg/kg 24 hours apart for total 3 doses	•Significant renal impairmenta	Urine output
		•Necrotizing enterocolitis
	PO: 10 mg/kg followed by 5 mg/kg 24 hours apart for total 3 doses	•Spontaneous intestinal perforation
		•Thrombocytopeniab
Indomethacin	IV: 2–7 days of age: 0.2 mg/kg every 12 h for 3 doses, can be followed bya4th dose24 hours after the 3rd	•Significant renal impairmenta	Urine output
		•Necrotizing enterocolitis
	>7 days of age: 0.25 mg every 12 h for 3 doses, can be followed by a 4th dose 24 hours after the 3rd	•Spontaneous intestinal perforation
	Enteraland rectalroutes not recommended	•Thrombocytopeniab

ALT=alanine transaminase; AST=aspartate transaminase; echo=echocardiography; GGT=γ-glutamyl transferase; IV=intravenous; PDA=patent ductus arteriosus; PO=oral.

^aA hemodynamically significant PDA may cause renal impairment with oliguria and mild to modest increase in serum creatinine over baseline which is not a contraindication to pharmacologic treatment. Anuria or a significant increase in serum creatinine is a contraindication.

^bPlatelets <50,000/μL (<50×10⁹/L).