Table 2.
Standardized factor loadings from factor analyses (95% confidence intervals)
|
Factor Item |
Study 2 N = 341 |
Study 3 N = 434 |
|---|---|---|
| Overtly Controlling Partner | ||
| My partner threatens me. | .86 | .99 (.92, 1.07) |
| My partner hits me to get his way. | .84 | .84 (.74, .94) |
| My partner belittles me when I act gay. | .77 | .75 (.65, .86) |
| My partner threatens me to get his way. | .75 | .87 (.79, .96) |
| My partner denigrates my feminine qualities. | .73 | .75 (.67, .84) |
| When my partner and I disagree, I fear that my partner will hurt me physically. | .67 | .69 (.52, .87) |
| My partner tells me I look too feminine. | .67 | .67 (.51, .83) |
| My partner tells me what to wear. | .64 | .35 (.21, .50) |
| My partner tells me how to act. | .63 | .66 (.57, .76) |
| My partner has control over what I do with my body. | .59 | .67 (.55, .78) |
| I act less feminine when I’m around my partner than I do at other times. | .58 | .59 (.46, .72) |
| My partner is controlling. | .56 | .76 (.69, .83) |
| My partner bullies me to get his way. | .55 | .85 (.79, .90) |
| My partner insults me to get his way. | .54 | .89 (.84, .94) |
| My partner forces me to use drugs when I don’t want to. | .53 | .80 (.66, .94) |
| My partner belittles me to get his way. | .53 | .89 (.84, .94) |
| I try to avoid conflict with my partner because I am afraid of him. | .52 | .74 (.65, .83) |
| My partner says things to make me feel ugly. | .51 | .85 (.77, .92) |
| My partner manipulates me by being a drama queen when I want to talk about something important. | .51 | .67 (.58, .76) |
| I am afraid of my partner. | .50 | .86 (.76, .96) |
| My partner does not want me to hang out with my friends. | .50 | .63 (.52, .74) |
| My partner forces me to drink alcohol when I don’t want to. | .49 | .68 (.52, .83) |
| My partner does things to make me feel ugly. | .47 | .83 (.76, .90) |
| My partner sabotages my attempts to stay healthy. | .46 | .53 (.40, .66) |
| My partner tries to make me feel guilty. | .44 | .76 (.69, .84) |
| My partner is jealous of most of the people I interact with. | .44 | .61 (.51, .70) |
| Supportive Partner | ||
| My partner makes me feel valued. | .88 | .89 (.85, .93) |
| My partner says things to make me feel desirable. | .87 | .99 (.96, 1.01) |
| My partner does things to make me feel desirable. | .84 | .97 (.95, 1.00) |
| My partner says things to make me feel attractive. | .80 | .95 (.92, .98) |
| My partner does things to make me feel attractive. | .73 | .92 (.88, .96) |
| My partner looks after my well-being. | .73 | .89 (.85, .93) |
| My partner values what I have to say. | .73 | .94 (.91, .98) |
| My partner appreciates my intelligence. | .70 | .86 (.81, .90) |
| My partner supports my endeavors. | .69 | .90 (.86, .94) |
| I feel empowered by my partner. | .64 | .78 (.71, .84) |
| When my partner and I disagree, we sit down and talk through the problem. | .56 | .61 (.51, .72) |
| I feel able to change things in my relationship if I don’t like them. | .54 | .75 (.66, .84) |
| My partner is my equal. | .52 | .67 (.58, .75) |
| My partner and I rarely disagree. | .49 | .48 (.34, .63) |
| I can talk to my partner about anything. | .44 | .72 (.65, .79) |
| Conflict Avoidant Actor | ||
| When my partner and I disagree, I don’t express my feelings to avoid making my partner angry. | .81 | .86 (.79, .92) |
| I hold back my feelings in order to avoid conflict with my partner. | .71 | .75 (.67, .83) |
| I get quiet during difficult conversations because I am afraid of what my partner’s reaction might be. | .69 | .71 (.63, .79) |
| When my partner and I disagree, my partner has more say about how we resolve the disagreement. | .65 | .64 (.55, .74) |
| When my partner and I disagree, I am usually quiet. | .59 | .66 (.57, .74) |
| I avoid conflict with my partner. | .50 | .74 (.67, .82) |
| I give in to my partner to keep him from getting angry. | .50 | .78 (.71, .86) |
| I am afraid to disagree with my partner. | .50 | .77 (.67, .87) |
| I avoid disagreeing with my partner. | .49 | .68 (.59, .76) |
| I use silence to influence the way difficult conversations go. | .47 | .61 (.51, .70) |
| I watch what I say because my partner might get angry. | .45 | .82 (.76, .89) |
| When my partner and I disagree, he usually gets his way. | .42 | .70 (.61, .79) |
| Overtly Controlling Actor | ||
| I bully my partner to get my way. | .74 | .77 (.69, .85) |
| I belittle my partner to get my way. | .67 | .82 (.76, .89) |
| I threaten my partner to get my way. | .63 | .92 (.81, 1.03) |
| I hit my partner to get my way. | .58 | .79 (.60, .98) |
| My partner gives in to keep me from getting angry. | .56 | .61 (.50, .72) |
| I insult my partner to get my way. | .54 | .92 (.86, .98) |
| My partner is afraid to disagree with me. | .53 | .51 (.39, .63) |
| I prefer to be in charge in my relationship. | .43 | .48 (.37, .58) |
| My partner should feel obligated to me for all the things I do for us. | .43 | .51 (.37, .64) |
| Power Imbalance in Couples Higher-Order Factor | . | |
| Overtly Controlling Partner | — | 98 (.90, 1.06) |
| Supportive Partner | — | −.46 (−.55, −.37) |
| Conflict Avoidant Actor | — | .69 (.61, .77) |
| Overtly Controlling Actor | — | .77 (.68, .86) |
| Factor Intercorrelations | ||
| Overtly Controlling Partner – Supportive Partner | −.42 | — |
| Overtly Controlling Partner – Conflict Avoidant Actor | .56 | — |
| Overtly Controlling Partner – Overtly Controlling Actor | .39 | — |
| Supportive Partner – Conflict Avoidant Actor | −.37 | — |
| Supportive Partner – Overtly Controlling Actor | −.23 | — |
| Conflict Avoidant Actor – Overtly Controlling Actor | .35 | — |
Notes: One participant in Study 2 did not complete the PICS. Study 2 factor loadings and intercorrelations were estimated by iterated principal factor (IPF) exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using SAS 9.3. Study 3 factor loadings were estimated using a higher-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model fitted in Mplus 7.3. CFA confidence intervals were computed using a robust variance estimator to account for the non-independence of individual respondents nested within couples.