Table 1.

Actin binding proteins regulated by PI(4,5)P₂.

Protein	PI(4,5)P2 binding domain	PI(4,5)P2 effect	References
Alpha-actinin	TAPYRNVNIQNFHLSWK[73]	stimulates gelation of F-actin and decreases its proteolysis	[42, 73–75]
Gelsolin	two or more distinct 10–20 amino acid sequences including QRLFQKRGG	inhibits severing and capping of actin filaments to prevent disassembly	[27–29, 48, 76, 77]
ezrin	within N-terminal (1–309) part, amino acids 12–115 and 233–310.	targeting to membrane and activation of actin binding	[78–82]
Profilin	Short sequence centered on Arg88	release profilin from G-actin would lead to rapid actin assembly	[1, 2, 83]
Cofilin	WAPECAPLKSKM	inhibits severing activity	[21].
Formins	basic domain of mDia	promotes actin filament nucleation and elongation	[31, 32, 84]
Talin	cationic site in FERM domain	localization to the plasma membrane followed by its activation.	[43, 85]
Vinculin	multiple polycationic sites that can bind different acidic lipids	links actin to transmembrane adhesion complexes.	[42]
Filamin	FTRWCNEHLKCVSKRIANLQTDL	inhibits actin gelation activity	[86, 87]
WASP	polybasic domain	releases N-WASP from an auto-inhibited state to promote actin assembly by activating the nucleating Arp2/3 complex;	[30]