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. 2018 Sep 5;187(12):2672–2680. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy177

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Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 2018.

This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

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Figure 2. — Statistical power, in simulations, of the global and individual tests for direct effects (GLIDE) and Mendelian randomization (MR)-Egger methods to test the global null hypothesis that there is no direct effect for any genetic variant. The sold line represents results of the GLIDE test, and the dotted-dashed line represents results of the MR-Egger test. A) The direct effects are all positive; B) some direct effects are positive and some are negative; C) a proportion of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (60%) have pleiotropic effects; D) all SNPs have direct effects that are correlated with the genetic associations with the intermediate exposure. RR, relative risk.