Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Nov 30;8:17492. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35681-0

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

(a) Craniofacial cartilages of embryo staining with Alcian Blue-Alizarin Red coloration. Differences in size and/or angle of the Meckel’s cartilage were observed (black stars) after ATRA treatment (50 and 100 mg/Kg). The F9-E1 embryo (ATRA 50) presented a total aplasia of this cartilage (black arrow). This embryo was excluded of quantitative analysis due to absence of several craniofacial structures. (b) Quantitative analysis of several craniofacial cartilage parameters. The localization of these 4 different parameters was detailed in Alcian Blue-Alizarin Red staining (up-left panel). ANOVA revealed significant group effect for the depth of the palate (1), F(2) = 6.136 with p = 0.0058; the left length (2) and right (3) length of the Meckel’s cartilage and also, F(3) = 6.453with p = 0.0047; (F(4) = 7.264 with p = 0.0027; Post-hoc analysis by Tukey *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 were then performed. For Control, n = 16 embryos from 2 females were analyzed, n = 8 embryos from one female for ATRA 50 and n = 15 embryos from 2 females for ATRA-100). For ATRA 100 treatment, the studied parameters are significantly different from control, and then may reveal a real macroscopic effect.