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. 2018 Nov 30;8:17510. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35552-8

Table 4.

Mean values (±SD) of the measurement related to the bone structural parameters in control (n = 98) and KBD (n = 49) subjects from medial and lateral trabecular bone in tibia.

Side of joint Parameter Control (0) KBD total (KBD) KBD grade 1 (1) KBD grade 2 (2) KBD grade 3 (3) Statistical significance
Medial trabecular bone ELap 7.03 ± 0.19 7.33 ± 0.15 7.31 ± 0.16 7.35 ± 0.15 7.34 ± 0.18 0–KBD**, 0–1**, 0–2**, 0–3**
ELBP 3.80 ± 0.05 3.68 ± 0.07 3.70 ± 0.06 3.66 ± 0.07 3.68 ± 0.11 0–KBD**, 0–1**, 0–2**, 0–3**, 1–2*
HIMean 0.70 ± 0.01 0.71 ± 0.02 0.71 ± 0.01 0.72 ± 0.01 0.71 ± 0.03 0–KBD**, 0–1**, 0–2**, 0–3**, 1–2*
HIPerp 0.67 ± 0.01 0.69 ± 0.02 0.69 ± 0.01 0.70 ± 0.01 0.69 ± 0.03 0–KBD**, 0–1**, 0–2**, 0–3**, 1–2*, 1–3*
HIParal 0.72 ± 0.01 0.73 ± 0.02 0.72 ± 0.02 0.73 ± 0.01 0.73 ± 0.02 0–KBD**, 0–1*, 0–2**, 0–3**
FDHor 2.64 ± 0.07 2.53 ± 0.12 2.56 ± 0.12 2.49 ± 0.11 2.51 ± 0.11 0 – KBD**, 0–1**, 0–2**, 0–3**
FDVer 2.82 ± 0.06 2.76 ± 0.12 2.79 ± 0.08 2.71 ± 0.11 2.76 ± 0.21 0 – KBD**, 0–2**, 0–3**, 1–2*, 1–3*
Lateral trabecular bone ELap 7.00 ± 0.16 7.14 ± 0.17 7.12 ± 0.18 7.15 ± 0.17 7.21 ± 0.15 0–KBD**, 0–1*, 0–2**, 0–3**
ELBP 3.86 ± 0.04 3.74 ± 0.06 3.76 ± 0.04 3.71 ± 0.05 3.72 ± 0.08 0–KBD**, 0–1**, 0–2**, 0–3**, 1–2**, 1–3*
HIMean 0.68 ± 0.01 0.69 ± 0.01 0.69 ± 0.01 0.70 ± 0.01 0.69 ± 0.02 0–KBD**, 0–1*, 0–2**, 0–3**, 1–2*, 1–3*
HIPerp 0.67 ± 0.01 0.68 ± 0.01 0.68 ± 0.01 0.69 ± 0.01 0.68 ± 0.01 0–KBD**, 0–1**, 0–2**, 0–3**, 1–2*
HIParal 0.69 ± 0.01 0.70 ± 0.01 0.70 ± 0.01 0.71 ± 0.01 0.71 ± 0.02 0–KBD**, 0–2**, 0–3**, 1–2*, 1–3*
FDHor 2.70 ± 0.06 2.62 ± 0.10 2.64 ± 0.10 2.60 ± 0.10 2.58 ± 0.10 0–KBD**, 0–1**, 0–2**, 0–3**
FDVer 2.80 ± 0.06 2.78 ± 0.10 2.80 ± 0.09 2.75 ± 0.09 2.78 ± 0.13 none

SD: standard deviation; KBD: Kashin-beck disease; Elap: entropy of Laplacian-based image; ELBP: entropy of local binary patterns; HImean: homogeneity index for orientation of local patterns; HIperp; HI perpendicularly to the bone trabeculae; HIparal: HI parallel to the bone trabeculae; FDhor: fractal dimension of horizontal structures; FDver: fractal dimension of vertical structures. **Stands for p value is equal or less than 0.001, *represents that p value is less than 0.05.