Fig. 7. MdARF13 binds directly to the MdDFR promoter.

a The 1427-bp MdDFR promoter sequence was analyzed. MdARF13 interacted with MdDFR promoter fragments in a Y1H assay. b Schematic diagram of the MdDFR promoter with an ARF-binding site (AuxRE). The EMSA results indicated that the MdARF13-GST fusion protein could bind directly to the AuxRE in the MdDFR promoter. Biotin-labeled probes were incubated with the MdARF13-GST fusion protein, and the free and bound DNA fragments were separated in an acrylamide gel. Unlabeled probes were used as competitors. c ChIP–qPCR data revealed that MdARF13 interacts with the MdDFR promoter in vivo, while MdIAA121 inhibits this interaction. The ChIP signal was quantified by qPCR as the percentage of the total input DNA. An actin gene was used as an internal control