Figure 1.

NMDA-induced superoxide production is Ca²⁺ -dependent, but not induced by Ca²⁺ influx alone. (a) Images show superoxide production, as measured by ethidium fluorescence (red), after incubation with NMDA (100 µM, 25 min). Scale bar = 20 µm. The NMDA-induced superoxide production is prevented by a Tat-conjugated peptide inhibitor of NOX2 (gp91ds-Tat, 3 µM) but not by a Tat-conjugated control peptide (scr-Tat). Superoxide production is also prevented by omitting Ca²⁺ from the medium. Superoxide production is not induced by ionomycin (3 µM). (b) Quantification of results shown in a, with results from each of n = 3 experiments expressed as percent of the NMDA-treated condition. Data are means + s.e.m.; *p < 0.01 vs control.