Table 1.
Relative amount (%) b | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KI | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | |
verbanyl acetate | 1340 | 0.39 ± 0.04 a | 0.43 ± 0.01 a | 0.40 ± 0.01 a | 0.46 ± 0.06 a | 0.51 ± 0.02 a | 0.42 ± 0.01 a | 0.42 ± 0.04 a | 0.41 ± 0.03 a | 1.76 ± 0.96 a | 0.34 ± 0.01 a | 0.31 ± 0.19 a | 0.38 ± 0.01 a |
α-copaene | 1376 | 2.0 ± 0.3 a | 1.6 ± 0.9 a | 2.05 ± 0.07 a | 2.2 ± 0.2 a | 1.9 ± 0.8 a | 1.95 ± 0.02 a | 2.01 ± 0.09 a | 1.8 ± 0.2 a | 2.4 ± 0.9 a | 1.71 ± 0.01 a | 0.4 ± 0.2 b | 2.07 ± 0.05 a |
iso-longifolene | 1387 | 1.4 ± 0.1 a | 1.5 ± 0.1 a | 1.9 ± 0.1 a | 2.0 ± 0.9 a | 1.8 ± 0.9 a | 0.9 ± 0.8 b | 0.50 ± 0.02 b | 0.53 ± 0.02 b | 1.8 ± 0.9 a | 1.2 ± 0.7 b | 0.6 ± 0.2 b | 0.23 ± 0.01 b |
β-cedrene | 1418 | 0.72 ± 0.06 a | 0.80 ± 0.07 a | 0.75 ± 0.01 a | 0.9 ± 0.1 a | 1.3 ± 0.4 b | 1.4 ± 0.4 b | 1.08 ± 0.02 b | 1.1 ± 0.1 b | 0.96 ± 0.01 a | 0.85 ± 0.09 a | 0.6 ± 0.3 a | 0.85 ± 0.02 a |
α-guaiene | 1439 | 0.9 ± 0.3 a | 1.1 ± 0.3 a | 0.71 ± 0.01 a | 0.56 ± 0.03 b | 0.52 ± 0.07 b | 0.61 ± 0.08 b | 0.43 ± 0.01 b | 0.61 ± 0.02 b | 0.61 ± 0.01 b | 0.4 ± 0.2 b | 0.41 ± 0.07 b | 0.89 ± 0.01 a |
germacrene D | 1480 | 40 ± 7 a | 39 ± 7 a | 46.3 ± 0.4 a | 47 ± 1 a | 49.6 ± 0.7 b | 47.1 ± 0.9 a | 49 ± 2 b | 45 ± 1 a | 46.6 ± 0.1 a | 43 ± 3 a | 28.8 ± 0.8 b | 46.2 ± 0.7 a |
bicyclogermacrene | 1494 | 31 ± 3 a | 28 ± 7 a | 34.2 ± 0.3 a | 37 ± 1 a | 34 ± 2 a | 36.8 ± 0.5 a | 32 ± 2 a | 30.8 ± 0.2 a | 32.5 ± 0.1 a | 35 ± 3 a | 23.9 ± 0.6 b | 32.7 ± 0.3 a |
spathulenol | 1576 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.4 ± 0.2 | 0 |
phytol | 1955 | 7.3 ± 0.9 a | 18 ± 2 b | 3.2 ± 0.2 c | 1.2 ± 0.3 d | 0.55 ± 0.05 d | 0.45 ± 0.04 d | 0.6 ± 0.2 d | 0 | 0.7 ± 0.5 d | 0.6 ± 0.2 d | 1.24 ± 0.04 d | 0.55 ± 0.01 d |
monoterpenes | 0.39 ± 0.04 | 0.43 ± 0.01 | 0.40 ± 0.01 | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 0.51 ± 0.02 | 0.42 ± 0.01 | 0.42 ± 0.04 | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 1.76 ± 0.96 | 0.34 ± 0.01 | 0.31 ± 0.19 | 0.38 ± 0.01 | |
sesquiterpenes | 76 ± 3 | 72 ± 3 | 85.9 ± 0.2 | 89.4 ± 0.7 | 88.6 ± 0.6 | 88.7 ± 0.4 | 85 ± 1 | 79.5 ± 0.6 | 84.8 ± 0.5 | 82 ± 1 | 65.0 ± 0.3 | 80.7 ± 0.5 | |
diterpene | 7.3 ± 0.9 | 18 ± 2 | 3.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.55 ± 0.05 | 0.45 ± 0.04 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 1.24 ± 0.04 | 0.55 ± 0.01 | |
TOTAL | 84 ± 2 | 90 ± 3 | 89.6 ± 0.1 | 91.1 ± 0.6 | 90 ± 1 | 89.6 ± 0.4 | 89 ± 1 | 79.9 ± 0.4 | 86.8 ± 0.3 | 83.7 ± 0.7 | 66.6 ± 0.1 | 82.1 ± 0.3 |
a Individual compounds were assigned according to their Kovats indices in conjunction with a comparison of the experimentally obtained mass spectra to those described in library (NIST 107) and in the literature [22]; b Values in the same line with different subscript (a, b, c, and d) are significantly different within months of collection; t: (p < 0.05). All values displayed represent the mean value ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. Statistical analyses were performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the BIOESTAT 5.0 (Stat Soft Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA) software package. A probability value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.