Table 2.
Fatty acid profiles of the tuberous roots and rhizomes from four Curcuma species.
| Peak No. | Fatty Acid (%) | Tuberous Root | Rhizome | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Common Name | Symbol | CW ( n = 12) | CP ( n = 6) | CK ( n = 10) | CL ( n = 9) | CW ( n = 12) | CP( n = 6) | CK ( n = 10) | CL ( n = 9) | |
| 1 | Tetradecanoic acid | C14:0 | 0.66 ± 0.31 a | 0.83 ± 0.19 a | 0.32 ± 0.12 b | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| 2 | Pentadecanoic acid | C15:0 | 0.32 ± 0.06 a | 0.28 ± 0.02 b | 0.46 ± 0.05 c | 0.76 ± 0.09 d | 0.56 ± 0.05 a | 0.26 ± 0.02 b | 0.68 ± 0.12 c | 0.77 ± 0.08 d |
| 3 | Palmitic acid | C16:0 | 28.32 ± 1.10 a | 29.40 ± 0.96 b | 27.09 ± 1.5 c | 24.55 ± 0.54 d | 25.45 ± 1.10 a | 25.82 ± 0.38 a | 25.55 ± 1.89 a | 22.88 ± 0.64 b |
| 4 | Palmitoleic acid | C16:1 n-7 | 2.85 ± 2.25 a | 3.62 ± 0.18 a | 0.58 ± 0.24 b | 0.53 ± 0.18 b | ND | 2.01 ± 0.35 | ND | ND |
| 5 | Heptadecanoic acid | C17:0 | 0.33 ± 0.04 a | 0.47 ± 0.04 b | 0.52 ± 0.07 b | 0.69 ± 0.11 c | 0.62 ± 0.07 a | 0.63 ± 0.05 a | 0.85 ± 0.16 b | 0.77 ± 0.05 b |
| 6 | Heptadecenoic acid | C17:1 n-7 | 0.62 ± 0.41 a | 1.55 ± 0.28 b | ND | ND | ND | 0.85 ± 0.36 | ND | ND |
| 7 | Stearic acid | C18:0 | 4.43 ± 0.88 a | 3.11 ± 0.76 b | 4.28 ± 0.59 a | 3.08 ± 0.43 b | 4.78 ± 0.58 a | 3.79 ± 0.17 b | 5.64 ± 0.53 c | 3.39 ± 0.17 d |
| 8 | Oleic acid | C18:1 n-9 | 5.49 ± 0.84 a | 3.02 ± 0.49 b | 10.78 ± 2.4 c | 4.57 ± 0.56 d | 8.92 ± 0.89 a | 4.08 ± 0.47 b | 10.83 ± 1.51 c | 6.28 ± 1.28 d |
| 9 | Linoleic acid | C18:2 n-6 | 37.29 ± 2.35 a | 35.66 ± 1.19 a | 40.10 ± 0.79 b | 42.78 ± 1.15 c | 39.73 ± 0.92 a | 38.26 ± 1.18 b | 38.61 ± 2.36 a,b | 42.61 ± 1.09 c |
| 10 | α-linolenic acid | C18:3 n-3 | 15.52 ± 0.93 a | 17.65 ± 1.0 b | 10.56 ± 2.62 c | 16.25 ± 0.71 d | 14.57 ± 1.47 a | 17.59 ± 0.65 b | 13.37 ± 2.42 a | 15.69 ± 1.20 c |
| 11 | Arachidic acid | C20:0 | 0.90 ± 0.17 a | 0.99 ± 0.21 a | 1.34 ± 0.58 a | 1.68 ± 0.23 b | 1.33 ± 0.21 a | 1.64 ± 0.21 b | 0.91 ± 0.32 c | 2.20 ± 0.37 d |
| 12 | Eicosenoic acid | C20:1 n-9 | 0.26 ± 0.06 a | 0.37 ± 0.13 a,b | 0.47 ± 0.12 b | 0.46 ± 0.06 c | 0.54 ± 0.08 a | 1.85 ± 0.08 b | 1.02 ± 0.58 c | 0.56 ± 0.10 a |
| 13 | Docosanoic acid | C22:0 | 0.81 ± 0.20 a | 0.86 ± 0.09 a,b | 1.06 ± 0.33 b | 1.63 ± 0.22 c | 1.18 ± 0.18 a | 1.34 ± 0.26 b | 0.81 ± 0.27 c | 2.14 ± 0.41 d |
| 14 | Lignoceric acid | C24:0 | 2.27 ± 0.40 a | 2.19 ± 0.21 a | 2.44 ± 0.73 a | 3.03 ± 0.36 b | 2.33 ± 0.39 a | 1.88 ± 0.67 b | 1.73 ± 0.51 b | 2.73 ± 0.46 c |
| SFA | 37.95 ± 1.36 a | 38.12 ± 1.26 a | 37.50 ± 0.81 a | 35.41 ± 0.81 b | 36.24 ± 1.34 a | 35.37 ± 0.74 | 36.18 ± 2.29 | 34.89 ± 1.12 b | ||
| MUFA | 9.21 ± 2.22 a | 8.58 ± 1.10 a | 11.83 ± 2.55 b | 5.56 ± 0.57 c | 9.45 ± 0.91 a | 8.79 ± 0.94 a | 11.85 ± 1.94 c | 6.81 ± 1.27 b | ||
| PUFA | 52.79 ± 2.73 a | 53.30 ± 1.61 a | 50.66 ± 2.57 b | 59.03 ± 0.96 c | 54.31 ± 1.45 a | 55.85 ± 1.23 b | 51.980 ± 1.27 c | 58.30 ± 1.15 d | ||
| n-6/n-3 | 2.41 ± 0.18 a | 2.0 3 ± 0.14 b | 4.05 ± 1.14 c | 2.64 ± 0.16 d | 2.75 ± 0.29 a | 2.18 ± 0.11 b | 2.99 ± 0.64 a | 2.73 ± 0.25 a | ||
Average followed by different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05). ND, not detected; SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; CW, C. wenyujin; CP, C. phaeocaulis; CK, C. kwangsiensis; CL, C. longa.