. 2013 Nov 14;18(11):14105–14121. doi: 10.3390/molecules181114105

Table 2.

Content of phenolic compounds in cultivated samples of D. palmatum (mg/g of dry plant weight).

Compound	Average amount ± SD
Compound	Herb	Flowers	Leaves	Stems
3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid	0.043 ± 0.001 ^a	tr.	tr.	tr.
Caffeic acid	0.246 ± 0.003 ^c	tr.	tr.	0.755 ± 0.009 ^f
Cichoric acid	0.122 ± 0.001 ^b	tr.	0.356 ± 0.003 ^d	0.203 ± 0.002 ^c
Rosmarinic acid	0.943 ± 0.012 ^g	0.139 ± 0.001 ^b	0.264 ± 0.003 ^c	1.943 ± 0.021 ^h
Salvianolic acid B	0.651 ± 0.008 ^ef	tr.	1.307 ± 0.010 ^gh	0.171 ± 0.002 ^bc
Apigenin	0.157 ± 0.002 ^b	0.182 ± 0.002 ^bc	tr.	0.312 ± 0.003 ^d
Cosmosiin	3.253 ± 0.046 ⁱ	0.197 ± 0.002 ^bc	6.073 ± 0.067 ^j	1.002 ± 0.012 ^g
Isorhoifolin	0.273 ± 0.004 ^c	tr.	0.101 ± 0.001 ^b	0.340 ± 0.004 ^d
Luteolin	0.298 ± 0.004 ^c	0.512 ± 0.004 ^e	0.396 ± 0.003 ^d	0.203 ± 0.002 ^c
Cynaroside	8.263 ± 0.132 ^k	0.545 ± 0.007 ^e	15.682 ± 0.173 ^l	2.972 ± 0.032 ^hi
Luteolin-7-O-glucuronide	0.412 ± 0.005 ^de	tr.	0.605 ± 0.007 ^ef	0.143 ± 0.001 ^b
Luteolin-4′-O-glucoside	0.337 ± 0.004 ^d	tr.	0.568 ± 0.006 ^e	0.123 ± 0.001 ^b
Scolymoside	2.462 ± 0.032 ^h	0.083 ± 0.001 ^ab	0.749 ± 0.009 ^f	5.266 ± 0.058 ^j
Naringenin-7-O-glucoside	0.111 ± 0.002 ^b	0.114 ± 0.001 ^b	1.204 ± 0.014 ^gh	0.083 ± 0.001 ^ab
Eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside	tr.	tr.	tr.	0.212 ± 0.002 ^c
Total identified compounds	17.571	1.772	27.305	13.728
Phenylpropanoids	2.005	0.139	1.927	3.072
Flavonoids, including	15.566	1.633	25.378	10.656
flavanones	0.111	0.114	1.204	0.295
flavones	15.455	1.519	24.174	10.361
apigenin derivatives	3.683	0.379	6.174	1.654
luteolin derivatives	11.772	1.114	18.000	8.707
alycones	0.455	0.694	0.396	0.515
monoglycosides	13.158	0.856	24.132	4.535
biosides	2.735	0.083	0.850	5.606

All values correspond to mean values ± standard deviation of three replicates. Values with different letters (a–l) indicate statistically significant differences among groups at p < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA. tr. —traces (<limit of quantification); n.d. —not detected (<limit of detection).