Table 3.
Astaxanthin concentration of nanodispersions during preparation steps.
| Emulsifier | Astaxanthin concentration (mg/L) | Astaxanthin loss (% w/w) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| After convention homogenization (mg/L) | After evaporation (mg/L) | During high pressure homogenizer and evaporation processes | |
| Polysorbate 20 | 710.7 ± 6.4 a | 593.7 ± 3.4 e | 15.98 ± 0.74 B |
| Polysorbate 40 | 704.6 ± 3.5 a | 601.0 ± 7.0 e | 14.94 ± 1.14 B |
| Polysorbate 60 | 702.1 ± 5.4 a | 596.1 ± 3.0 e | 15.64 ± 0.70 B |
| Polysorbate 80 | 706.5 ± 3.3 a | 580.2 ± 2.2 f | 17.89 ± 0.64 A |
| L-1695 | 709.7 ± 5.1 a | 601.1 ± 5.5 e | 14.93 ± 0.96 B |
| P-1570 | 710.9 ± 5.9 a | 616.3 ± 1.8 c | 12.78 ± 0.61 C |
| S-1570 | 706.8 ± 2.9 a | 640.0 ± 2.5 b | 9.43 ± 0.66 D |
| OWA-1570 | 701.0 ± 4.8 a | 580.4 ± 3.2 f | 17.86 ± 0.72 A |
Values are means ± standard deviations (n = 6); a−f Different letters show statistically significant differences between astaxanthin concentration values of treatments (p < 0.05); A−D Different letters show statistically significant differences between astaxanthin loss values of treatments (p < 0.05).