Table 2.
Content (µg/kg) of aroma compounds in grain-added dog food samples.
| Code | Sample | GA1 | GA2 | GA3 | GA4 | GA5 | GA6 | GA7 | GA8 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compound | KI (Exp) | KI (Lit) | A | S | A | S | A | S | A | S | A | S | A | S | A | S | A | S | |
| Alcohols | |||||||||||||||||||
| A1 | 1-Methylcyclohexanol | N/A | (868)c | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.9 | 0.02 | 1.43 | 0.62 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.72 | 0.08 | |||||
| A2 | 1-Pentanol | N/A | 768a | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 2.26 | 0.14 | n.d. | |||||||
| A3 | 2-Furanmethanol | N/A | (866)c | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.34 | 0.04 | n.d. | n.d. | |||||||
| A4 | 1-Octen-3-ol | 961 | 942c | 0.98 | 0.14 | 0.36 | 0.08 | 0.81 | 0.04 | 0.24 | 0.06 | 0.49 | 0.35 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 1.48 | 0.18 | 0.35 | 0.08 |
| A5 | 3-Propyl-2.4-pentadiene-1-ol | 979 | N/A | n.d. | n.d. | 0.27 | 0.04 | n.d. | 0.11 | 0.06 | n.d. | 0.93 | 0.1 | n.d. | |||||
| A6 | Borneol | 1175 | 1158b | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ||||||||
| Total alcohols | 0.98 | 0.36 | 1.08 | 1.14 | 2.03 | 0.46 | 4.66 | 1.07 | |||||||||||
| Aldehydes | |||||||||||||||||||
| A7 | Hexanal | N/A | 800a | 10.79 | 0.87 | 4.25 | 0.12 | 9.24 | 1.17 | 4.8 | 0.14 | 10.15 | 5.27 | 1.26 | 0.26 | 9.17 | 0.88 | 2.91 | 0.47 |
| A8 | Furfural | N/A | 852a | 0.51 | 0.08 | 0.2 | 0.06 | n.d. | 0.81 | 0.03 | 0.53 | 0.19 | 1.41 | 0.07 | n.d. | 0.24 | 0.05 | ||
| A9 | 2-Methyl-2-pentenal | N/A | (808)c | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.53 | 0.05 | n.d. | |||||||
| A10 | 2-Hexenal | N/A | 854b | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.18 | 0.07 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | |||||||
| A11 | Heptanal | 872 | 901a | 0.96 | 0.09 | 0.39 | 0.02 | 0.56 | 0.13 | 0.23 | 0.02 | 0.57 | 0.3 | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.86 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.05 |
| A12 | 3-Methylthiopropanal | N/A | 902c | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.16 | 0.03 | n.d. | n.d. | |||||||
| A13 | 2-Heptenal | 904 | (951)c | n.d. | 0.56 | 0.14 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | |||||||
| A14 | Benzaldehyde | 910 | 964a | 4.97 | 0.17 | 3.76 | 0.06 | 5.33 | 0.62 | 2.93 | 0.25 | 5.5 | 2.68 | 3.2 | 0.09 | 8.02 | 0.73 | 2.58 | 0.39 |
| A15 | Octanal | 977 | 1004a | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.28 | 0.04 | 0.56 | 0.07 | 0.27 | 0.02 | 0.56 | 0.29 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.96 | 0.07 | 0.2 | 0.06 |
| A16 | 2-Octenal | 1010 | 1060b | 0.32 | 0.09 | n.d. | 0.16 | 0.05 | n.d. | 0.44 | 0.27 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | |||||
| A17 | Nonanal | 1082 | 1106a | 1.73 | 0.24 | 0.44 | 0.03 | 0.71 | 0.15 | 0.44 | 0.05 | 0.85 | 0.52 | 0.27 | 0.05 | 1.1 | 0.14 | 0.41 | 0.09 |
| A18 | 2-Butyl-2-octenal | 1366 | (1378)c | 0.17 | 0.03 | n.d. | 0.18 | 0.05 | n.d. | 0.15 | 0.09 | n.d. | 0.24 | 0.07 | n.d. | ||||
| A19 | Benzeneacetaldehyde | 1006 | 1043c | 0.34 | 0.06 | n.d. | 0.2 | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.48 | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.03 | |
| A20 | 2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde | 1208 | 1218c | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ||||||||
| A21 | 3-Phenyl-2-propenal | 1087 | N/A | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ||||||||
| Total aldehydes | 20.98 | 9.89 | 16.94 | 9.67 | 19.04 | 7.03 | 21.07 | 6.64 | |||||||||||
| Ketones | |||||||||||||||||||
| A22 | 1-(2-Furanyl)ethanone | N/A | 910c | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.18 | 0.01 | n.d. | n.d. | |||||||
| A23 | 6-Methyl-2-heptanone | 943 | (930)c | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.11 | 0.02 | n.d. | |||||||
| A24 | 2.6-Octanedione | 963 | N/A | n.d. | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.06 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.1 | 0.05 | |||||
| A25 | 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one | 965 | 985c | n.d. | n.d. | 0.19 | 0.04 | n.d. | 0.58 | 0.31 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ||||||
| A26 | 2-Heptanone | 865 | (898)d | 0.2 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.4 | 0.02 | n.d. | 0.43 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.68 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.04 | |
| A27 | 5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl) cyclohexanone | 1159 | (1137)c | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ||||||||
| A28 | (E,E)-3.5-Octadien-2-one | 1030 | (1057)c | 0.69 | 0.1 | n.d. | 0.48 | 0.05 | 0.59 | 0.04 | 1.55 | 0.94 | n.d. | 1.6 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.04 | ||
| A29 | 2-Nonanone | 1072 | 1093b | n.d. | n.d. | 0.16 | 0.02 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | |||||
| A30 | 2,2-Dihydroxy-1-phenylethanone | 1020 | N/A | 0.16 | 0.03 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.26 | 0.02 | n.d. | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.46 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.03 | |||
| A31 | 3.5-Octadien-2-one | 1017 | (1049)c | 0.25 | 0.03 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.6 | 0.07 | 1.88 | 0.68 | n.d. | 0.95 | 0.04 | 0.25 | 0.05 | |||
| A32 | 3-Octen-2-one | 999 | (1055)d | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.99 | 0.54 | n.d. | 0.84 | 0.11 | n.d. | ||||||
| Total ketones | 1.3 | 0.2 | 1.34 | 1.45 | 5.43 | 0.41 | 4.8 | 1.03 | |||||||||||
| Esters | |||||||||||||||||||
| A33 | Decanoic acid, ethyl ester | 1378 | 1394c | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.26 | 0.02 | n.d. | |||||||
| Sulfur compounds | |||||||||||||||||||
| A34 | Dimethyl disulfide | N/A | 785b | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.45 | 0.09 | n.d. | n.d. | |||||||
| Pyrazines | |||||||||||||||||||
| A35 | Methyl pyrazine | N/A | 828b | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ||||||||
| A36 | 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine | N/A | 911c | n.d. | 3.85 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.08 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.43 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.37 | 0.28 | |||
| A37 | 2,3 Dimethyl pyrazine | N/A | 920c | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ||||||||
| A38 | Trimethyl pyrazine | 926 | 1000b | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ||||||||
| A39 | 2-Ethenyl, 6-methyl pyrazine | 932 | N/A | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ||||||||
| A40 | Tetramethyl pyrazine | 1025 | 1085c | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ||||||||
| A41 | 2-Ethyl, 3,5-dimethyl pyrazine | 1022 | (1064)c | n.d. | 0.32 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.02 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.19 | 0.02 | n.d. | 0.2 | 0.17 | ||||
| Total pyrazines | n.d. | 4.17 | 0.41 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.63 | 0.21 | 0.57 | |||||||||||
| Furans | |||||||||||||||||||
| A42 | 2-butylfuran | 895 | N/A | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.15 | 0.08 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | |||||||
| A43 | 2-Pentylfuran | 994 | (991)c | 2.19 | 0.32 | 0.86 | 0.07 | 1.69 | 0.25 | 0.64 | 0.18 | 2.45 | 1.19 | 0.42 | 0.03 | 3.17 | 0.49 | 0.58 | 0.22 |
| Total furans | 2.19 | 0.86 | 1.69 | 0.64 | 2.59 | 0.42 | 3.17 | 0.58 | |||||||||||
| Alkane | |||||||||||||||||||
| A44 | 3-Methylheptane | 746 | N/A | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.48 | 0.25 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | |||||||
| Benzene derivatives | |||||||||||||||||||
| A45 | Styrene | 901 | 893b | 0.48 | 0.28 | 2.83 | 3.86 | 0.55 | 0.17 | 0.68 | 0.26 | 0.41 | 0.3 | 0.43 | 0.26 | 0.62 | 0.28 | 0.34 | 0.18 |
| A46 | 1-Ethyl-2-methylbenzene | 989 | (971)c | n.d. | 0.1 | 0.01 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | |||||||
| A47 | 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene | 1003 | 996c | 0.49 | 0.11 | 0.73 | 0.01 | 1.07 | 0.19 | 0.34 | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.15 | 0.41 | 0.09 | 6.55 | 9.78 | 0.46 | 0.03 |
| A48 | Butylated hydroxytoluene | 1516 | N/A | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.1 | 0.04 | 0.37 | 0.08 | n.d. | 0.05 | 0.03 | |
| A49 | Phenol | N/A | (961)c | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ||||||||
| A50 | 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)1,4-cyclohexadiene | 1069 | 1074c | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ||||||||
| Total Benzene derivatives | 1.02 | 3.74 | 1.74 | 1.08 | 0.77 | 1.2 | 7.16 | 0.84 | |||||||||||
| Terpenes | |||||||||||||||||||
| A51 | 1(R)-α-Pinene | 932 | 939a | n.d. | n.d. | 0.13 | 0.02 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | |||||||
| A52 | β-Pinene | 989 | 980a | n.d. | 0.16 | 0.02 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | |||||||
| A53 | Limonene | 1041 | 1030a | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 0.16 | 0.01 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | |||||||
| A54 | Eucalyptol | 1047 | 1039c | n.d. | 0.24 | 0.02 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | |||||||
| Total terpenes | n.d. | 0.4 | 0.13 | 0.16 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | |||||||||||
| Total | 26.48 | 19.63 | 23.33 | 14.14 | 30.35 | 10.6 | 41.34 | 10.73 |