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. 2013 Dec 5;18(12):14989–14999. doi: 10.3390/molecules181214989

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© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Biofilm formation of E. coli JM109 incubated with crude extracts, subfractions and compounds from aronia, compared to a non-treated control (Escherichia coli JM109, first bar from left) for which average biofilm formation was set to 100%.