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1-N-Phenylnaphthylamine (NPN) fluorescence of Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) pre-cultured with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA; 0.05µmol/mL) or condensed tannins (10 µg/mL) from purple prairie clover (PPC; Dalea purpurea Vent.) and sainfoin (SF; Onobrychis viciifolia). Bars indicate standard error.
