Table 5.

Biological properties associated with the triterpenes with a focus on their potential chemotherapeutic applications.

No.	Activity	Ref.
1	Antisweet activity Glucose uptake in rat small intestinal fragment Increase of serum glucose level in oral glucose-loaded rats Anti-hyperglycemic activity	[31,35,38] [37,38] [46,47] [38]
2	Antisweet activity Glucose uptake in rat small intestinal fragment Increase of serum glucose level in oral glucose-loaded rats Anti-hyperglycemic activity	[31,35,38] [37,38] [46,47] [38]
3	Antisweet activity Glucose uptake in rat small intestinal fragment Increase of serum glucose level in oral glucose-loaded rats Anti-hyperglycemic activity	[30,31,35,38] [37,38] [46,47] [38]
4	Antisweet activity Glucose uptake in rat small intestinal fragment Increase of serum glucose level in oral glucose-loaded rats Anti-hyperglycemic activity Gut glycosidase inhibition	[30,31,35,38] [37,38] [46,47] [38,65] [38]
5	Antisweet activity Increase of serum glucose level in oral glucose-loaded rats Anti-hyperglycemic activity Glucose uptake in rat small intestinal fragment	[32,38] [46,47,65] [38] [38]
6	Antisweet activity	[32]
7	Antisweet activity Increase of serum glucose level in oral glucose-loaded rats	[32] [46,47]
10	Antisweet activity	[35]
11	Antisweet activity	[35]
12	Antisweet activity	[35]
13	Antisweet activity	[35]
14	Antisweet activity	[35]
15	Antisweet activity	[36]
16	Antisweet activity	[36]
17	Antisweet activity	[36]
18	Antisweet activity	[36]
19	Antisweet activity	[31]
	Pharmacokinetic study: determination of gymnemagenin in rat plasma using HPLC-MS/MS	[66]
20	Antisweet activity	[31]
27	Inhibition of the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	[63,66]
28	Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect in rats	[61]
29	Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect in rats	[61]
30	Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect in rats	[61]
31	Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect in rats	[61]
32	Increase of serum glucose level in oral glucose-loaded rats	[46,47]
33	Increase of serum glucose level in oral glucose-loaded rats	[46,47]
34	Glucose uptake in rat small intestinal fragment	[37]
35	Glucose uptake in rat small intestinal fragment	[37]
36	Glucose uptake in rat small intestinal fragment	[37]
37	Glucose uptake in rat small intestinal fragment	[37]
39	Antisweet activity	[34]
40	Antisweet activity Glucose uptake in rat small intestinal fragment	[34] [46,47]
41	Antisweet activity	[34]
42	Antisweet activity Glucose uptake in rat small intestinal fragment	[34] [46,47]
43	Antisweet activity Glucose uptake in rat small intestinal fragment	[34] [37,47,59]
44	Inhibitory effects on human tumor cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT15) in vitro using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay	[55]
46	In vivo antitumor-promoting activity in mouse skin tumor	[50]
	Inhibition of the tumor-promoting action of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate	[48,49]
	Inhibition of phospholipid synthesis by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate	[67]
	In vitro in human uterus cancer cells
	Anti-inflammatory activity and also to inhibit liver carcinogenesis and tumor growth	[51]