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Hypertension, diabetes and atherosclerosis are the major disease which can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cardiovascular disease such as heart failure is the major cause of death in patients with CKD. However, CKD can also worsen prognosis of hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and heart failure. Inappropriate inflammation and tolerance of oxidative stress plays a significant role in the development and prognosis of these disease processes.
