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. 2014 Sep 17;19(9):14843–14861. doi: 10.3390/molecules190914843

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanidins in grape (based on [12], only detected anthocyanins are listed in this figure, (A)). The relative expression amount of VvF3'H (B), VvF3'5'H (C) and VvUFGT (D) is shown using three heat maps. Green squares from dark to bright represent the gene expression levels from high to low during the mature period (DAF70 to 140) with respect to both open-field cultivation (OF) and rain-shelter cultivation (RS). The yellow square shown in the anthocyanins block indicates that the compounds from this branch have higher concentration in berry skins under rain-shelter cultivation in comparison to open-field at commercial harvest. Abbreviations: DAF, days after flowering; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-coumarate: CoA ligase; CHS, chalcone synthase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; F3'H, flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase; F3'5'H, flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase; F3H, flavanone 3-hydroxylase; DFR, dihydroflavonol reductase; LDOX, leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase; UFGT, UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase; OMT, o-methyltransferase; AATs, anthocyanin acyltransferases.