Table 1.

Results of the HSI classification analysis using the (PLS-DA) model in comparison to the product label.

Product	Product Label Claim	HSI Species Predictions (%)
		E. angustifolia	E. purpurea	E. pallida	No Class
1	E. purpurea (herb, root) & E. angustifolia herb	1.9	89.8 a	0	8.3
2	E. angustifolia root extract	0	0	0.2	99.8 b
3	E. purpurea root & aerial parts	89.3 a	2.6	0.2	7.9
4	E. purpurea Herba & Radix dry concentrate	0	0	0	100 b
5	E. purpurea & E. angustifolia	14.3	7.7	1.2	76.8 b
6	E. purpurea root & E. angustifolia root	94.6 a	5.4	0	0.1
7	Echinacea purpurea extract	0	0	0	100 b
8	E. purpurea Herba & E. purpurea Radix	0	0	0	100 b
9	E. pallida	0	72.2 a	7.4	20.4
10	E. purpurea root & E. angustifolia root	86.7 a	12.6	0	0.7
11	E. angustifolia root	99.5 a	0	0.1	0.4
12	E. purpurea herb	0.2	73.2 a	0.2	26.4
13	E. pallida (outer label) & E. purpurea (inner label)	1.3	22.9	2.4	73.3 b
14	Echinacea aerial powder & root powder	9.2	90.1 a	0	0.7
15	E. angustifolia root & rhizome	0	0	0	100 b
16	E. purpurea stem, leaf, flower	61.8 a	12.1	0	26.1
17	E. purpurea root	0.2	95.4 a	0	4.4
18	Echinacea blend (angustifolia, pallida, purpurea)	0.1	92.4 a	2	5.6
19	Echinacea leaf powder & standardised extract	4.9	88.5 a	0	6.6
20	Echinacea, Goldenseal, Elderberry, Garlic & Parsley	16.3	8.1	9.4	66.3 b
21	E. purpurea leaf (authentic raw material)	0.1	90.2 a	6.5	3.3
22	E. angustifolia root (authentic raw material)	89.1 a	3.5	0.4	7
23	E. purpurea root (authentic raw material)	0	97.5 a	0	2.5
24	E. angustifolia leaf (authentic raw material)	64.2 a	6.4	1.8	27.5

^a The formulation was predicted to contain the indicated species in highest proportions. ^b The formulation was predicted to contain little or no authentic Echinacea raw material.