Table 1.
Chemical composition of the essential oils of garlic, onion, leek, Chinese chive, shallot and chive.
| Compounds | Essential Oils (% ± SD) | Identification Methods | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LRIHP5 | Garlic | Onion | Leek | Chinese Chive | Shallot | Chive | ||
| Isoamyl alcohol | 762 | - | 0.13 ± 0.03 | - | - | - | - | SM, LRI, Std |
| Methyl 1-propenyl sulfide a | 764 | - | - | - | - | tr | - | SM, LRI |
| Dimethyl disulfide | 767 | 1.12 ± 0.18 | tr | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 19.58 ± 2.62 | tr | tr | SM, LRI, Std |
| (Z)-3-hexenal | 769 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | - | tr | tr | 0.16 ± 0.03 | tr | SM, LRI, Std |
| 2-methylpentenal a | 776 | 0.15 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | 0.51 ± 0.07 | - | SM, LRI |
| Hexanal | 802 | - | - | tr | tr | 0.17 ± 0.02 | - | SM, LRI, Std |
| Propanal diethyl acetal t | 813 | - | - | tr | - | - | 0.16 ± 0.03 | SM |
| 2-Ethylpyridine | 836 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | SM, LRI |
| (E)-hexenol | 848 | - | - | tr | - | - | - | SM, LRI, Std |
| 1,3-Propanedithiol t | 851 | - | - | tr | - | - | 0.17 ± 0.01 | SM |
| Diallyl sulfide | 854 | 6.59 ± 0.55 | tr | tr | 1.47 ± 0.10 | tr | tr | SM, LRI, Std |
| n-Hexanol | 866 | - | - | 0.25 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | SM, LRI, Std |
| Allyl propyl sulfide | 867 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | - | 0.15 ± 0.01 | - | 0.16 ± 0.03 | - | SM, LRI |
| Bis-(1-propenyl)-sulfide a | 884 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | - | - | 0.21 ± 0.01 | - | - | SM, LRI |
| Dimethyl thiophene a | 871 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.15 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI |
| Nonane | 900 | - | - | - | - | - | tr | SM, LRI, Std |
| Dimethyl thiophene a | 902 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.18 ± 0.01 | 0.34 ± 0.03 | - | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI |
| Allyl methyl disulfide | 915 | 3.69 ± 0.02 | - | - | 14.37 ± 0.36 | - | - | SM, LRI, Std |
| Methyl propyl disulfide | 926 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 2.11 ± 0.16 | 4.48 ± 0.33 | 1.21 | 3.26 ± 0.27 | 2.55 ± 0.13 | SM, LRI |
| Methyl 1-propenyl disulfide a | 934 | 0.46 ± 0.02 | 0.51 ± 0.04 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 6.07 ± 0.13 | 1.33 ± 0.13 | 0.62 ± 0.03 | SM, LRI |
| Dimethyl trisulfide | 962 | 0.33 ± 0.01 | 0.30 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 14.34 ± 0.05 | 1.22 ± 0.06 | 0.65 ± 0.02 | SM, LRI, Std |
| 2-Pentylfuran | 990 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.14 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI |
| Diallyl disulfide | 1084 | 37.90 ± 0.07 | - | - | 5.14 ± 0.21 | 0.13 | - | SM, LRI, Std |
| Allyl propyl disulfide | 1088 | - | 0.42 ± 0.08 | 0.73 ± 0.04 | - | 0.55 ± 0.06 | 0.44 ± 0.02 | SM, LRI |
| Linalool | 1101 | - | - | - | 1.75 ± 0.14 | - | - | SM, LRI, Std |
| Dipropyl disulfide | 1105 | 0.25 ± 0.06 | 30.92 ± 0.03 | 47.70 ± 0.03 | 1.24 ± 0.05 | 15.17 ± 0.18 | 19.49 ± 0.08 | SM, LRI |
| Ethyl-3-(methylthio)propionate | 1113 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | SM, LRI |
| 1-Propenyl propyl disulfide a | 1116 | - | 7.26 ± 0.06 | 3.75 ± 0.02 | - | 4.57 ± 0.05 | 5.84 ± 0.05 | SM, LRI |
| 2,4,5-tTrithiahexane t | 1118 | - | - | - | 0.15 ± 0.01 | - | - | SM |
| 3,5-Dimethyl-1,2,4-trithiolane | 1126 | - | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | SM, LRI |
| Allyl methyl trisulfide | 1131 | 7.26 ± 0.05 | - | - | 7.24 ± 0.38 | - | 0.2 | SM, LRI |
| Menthone | 1145 | - | - | - | 1.91 ± 0.12 | - | - | SM, LRI, Std |
| Methyl propyl trisulfide | 1148 | - | 5.20 ± 0.02 | 3.19 ± 0.02 | - | 9.20 ± 0.10 | 8.47 ± 0.10 | SM, LRI |
| Methyl 1-propenyl trisulfide | 1153 | - | 0.34 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | - | 0.50 ± 0.08 | 0.36 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI |
| Methyl-1-(methylthio)ethyl-disulfide t | 1159 | 0.47 ± 0.05 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | - | 0.68 ± 0.05 | 0.51 ± 0.02 | SM | |
| n-Nonanol | 1172 | - | 0.47 ± 0.01 | - | - | 0.15 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI, Std | |
| 3,4-Dihydro-3-vinyl-1,2-dithiin t | 1177 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | - | - | SM |
| Borneol | 1183 | - | - | - | - | 0.33 ± 0.01 | 0.85 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI, Std |
| α-Terpineol | 1187 | - | - | - | 0.32 ± 0.01 | - | - | SM, LRI, Std |
| Methyl salicylate | 1189 | - | - | - | 0.46 ± 0.01 | - | - | SM, LRI, Std |
| Methyl chavicol | 1196 | - | - | - | - | 0.11 ± 0.01 | - | SM, LRI, Std |
| Dimethyl tetrasulfide | 1206 | 0.56 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | - | 2.82 ± 0.19 | 0.46 ± 0.01 | 0.39 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI, Std |
| 3-Ethyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-trithiolane a, t | 1216 | - | 0.13 ± 0.01 | - | - | 0.11 ± 0.01 | - | SM |
| 3-Ethyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-trithiolane a, t | 1219 | - | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.54 ± 0.01 | - | 0.17 ± 0.01 | - | SM |
| Butyl thiocyante | 1239 | - | - | - | - | 0.21 ± 0.01 | - | SM, LRI |
| Methyl 1-(methylthiopropyl) disulfide | 1249 | - | 0.36 ± 0.04 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.59 ± 0.04 | 0.52 ± 0.06 | 0.20 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI |
| 2-Undecanone | 1292 | - | 0.53 ± 0.01 | - | 0.62 ± 0.04 | 0.82 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI |
| Tridecane | 1301 | - | 0.49 ± 0.05 | - | - | - | - | SM, LRI, Std |
| Diallyl trisulfide | 1305 | 28.06 ± 0.63 | - | - | - | - | - | SM, LRI |
| 3-Methoxyoctane t | 1311 | 1.10 ± 0.03 | - | - | - | 0.88 ± 0.01 | 1.24 ± 0.02 | SM |
| Dipropyl trisulfide | 1328 | tr | 17.10 ± 0.28 | 15.01 ± 0.27 | tr | 11.14 ± 0.14 | 15.21 ± 0.18 | SM, LRI |
| 1-Propenyl propyl trisulfide a | 1332 | - | - | 0.43 ± 0.02 | - | 1.36 ± 0.02 | - | SM, LRI |
| Allyl propyl trisulfide | 1334 | - | 1.84 ± 0.01 | 1.58 ± 0.03 | - | 1.97 ± 0.01 | 1.92 ± 0.02 | SM, LRI |
| Di-1-propenyl trisulfide | 1347 | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 3.07 ± 0.01 | - | - | 0.26 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI |
| Eugenol | 1356 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | - | - | 0.26 0.01 | - | - | SM, LRI |
| Benzyl thiocyanate | 1359 | - | - | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 0.27 ± 0.02 | - | - | SM, LRI, Std |
| α-Copaene | 1370 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.14 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI, Std |
| Allyl methyl tetrasulfide | 1371 | 1.07 ± 0.03 | - | - | 1.21 ± 0.09 | - | - | SM, LRI |
| Benzyl methyl disulfide t | 1373 | - | - | - | 0.37 ± 0.04 | - | - | SM |
| Geranyl acetate | 1386 | - | - | 0.83 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | SM, LRI |
| Methyl eugenol | 1405 | - | - | - | - | 0.14 ± 0.03 | - | SM, LRI, Std |
| 6,10-Dimethyl 2-undecanone | 1406 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.32 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI |
| β-Caryophyllene | 1410 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.17 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI, Std |
| 3,6-Dimethyl-2,4,5,7 tetrathioctane t | 1423 | - | - | 0.39 ± 0.04 | - | - | 0.11 ± 0.01 | SM |
| 2-Hexyl-5-methyl 3(2H)-furanone | 1440 | - | 1.26 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | - | 5.40 ± 0.15 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI |
| β-Selinene | 1445 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.25 ± 0.03 | SM, LRI |
| (E)-β-Farnesene | 1457 | - | - | - | - | - | 1.50 ± 0.06 | SM, LRI |
| β-Ionone | 1481 | - | - | - | 0.13 ± 0.01 | - | 0.30 ± 0.04 | SM, LRI, Std |
| Methyl-1-propylthioethyl tetrasulfide | 1487 | - | - | 0.43 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | SM, LRI |
| 2-Tridecanone | 1496 | - | 0.32 ± 0.03 | - | - | 0.63 ± 0.01 | - | SM, LRI |
| γ-Cadinene | 1506 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | - | - | - | - | - | SM, LRI |
| α-Farnesene | 1509 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.56 ± 0.08 | SM, LRI |
| β-Sesquiphellandrene | 1521 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.15 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI |
| Diallyl tetrasulfide | 1538 | 4.14 ± 0.11 | - | - | 0.22 ± 0.02 | - | - | SM, LRI, Std |
| 2-Methyl-3,4-dithiaheptane | 1558 | - | 6.48 ± 0.08 | 2.03 ± 0.04 | - | 4.42 ± 0.05 | 3.70 ± 0.05 | SM, LRI |
| Dipropyl tetrasulfide | 1573 | - | 0.55 ± 0.04 | - | - | - | 0.35 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI |
| Tetradecanal | 1607 | - | - | 0.15 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | SM, LRI |
| Dimethyl pentasulfide | 1686 | - | - | - | 0.23 ± 0.02 | - | - | SM, LRI |
| Propyl-1-(propylthio)ethyl trisulfide t | 1700 | - | - | 0.28 ± 0.01 | - | 0.44 ± 0.03 | 1.12 ±0.02 | SM |
| 6,10,14-Trimethyl-2-pentadecanone | 1845 | - | - | 0.52 ± 0.01 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 1.35 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI |
| Benzyl salicylate | 1857 | - | - | - | - | 0.27 ± 0.01 | - | SM, LRI |
| 2,4-Diméthyl-5,6-dithia-2,7-nonadienal | 1885 | 0.44 ± 0.02 | - | - | - | - | - | SM, LRI |
| Methyl palmitate | 1928 | - | 0.81 ± 0.04 | 0.17 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 1.39 ± 0.02 | 0.30 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI, Std |
| Palmitic acid | 1970 | - | - | 0.76 ± 0.01 | 1.58 ± 0.10 | - | 2,17 ± 0.06 | SM, LRI, Std |
| Ethyl palmitate | 1996 | - | 0.42 ± 0.02 | 0.48 ± 0.01 | 0.41 ± 0.03 | 0.43 ± 0.01 | 0.56 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI, Std |
| Methyl linoleate | 2093 | - | 0.55 ± 0.01 | - | 0.14 ± 0.01 | - | 0.25 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI, Std |
| Methyl linolenate | 2099 | - | - | - | 0.16 ± 0.01 | - | - | SM, LRI, Std |
| Phytol | 2113 | - | - | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.61 ± 0.03 | - | - | SM, LRI |
| Ethyl linoleate | 2161 | - | - | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.42 ± 0.04 | 0.35 ± 0.01 | SM, LRI, Std |
| Ethyl oleate | 2167 | - | 0.18 ± 0.01 | - | - | 0.36 ± 0.01 | - | SM, LRI, Std |
| Ethyl linolenate | 2168 | - | - | 0.21 ± 0.01 | - | - | 0.35 ± 0.02 | SM, LRI |
| Ethyl α-linolénate | 2244 | - | - | - | 0.19 ± 0.02 | - | - | SM, LRI |
SD = Standard Deviation. Compositional values less than 0.1% are denoted as traces (tr). Presence of a compound is indicated by its GC-FID percentage with SD, absence is indicated by “-”. a: Correct isomer not identified. t: Tentative.