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. 2014 Nov 25;19(12):19361–19375. doi: 10.3390/molecules191219361

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© 2014 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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EOP attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-simulated BV-2 microglial cells. BV-2 microglial cells were pre-treated with EOP (0.1, 1 and 10 μM) and then stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL), and total RNA was isolated at 6 h after the treatment. (A) The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and subjected to densitometric quantification. Levels of (B) TNF-α, (C) IL-1β and (D) IL-6 mRNA were normalized to GAPDH levels and expressed as the relative change in comparison to the LPS treatment. ^### p < 0.001 compared with the control group; *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01 and * p < 0.05 compared with the LPS-treatedgroup. Significance was determined by one-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test.