Figure 10.

Effects of methylpenicinoline (1) on ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK phosphorylation and protein expression in BV2 microglia. Cells were pre-treated for 30 min with the indicated concentrations of 1 and stimulated for 30 min with LPS (500 ng/mL) (A–C). The levels of (A) phosphorylated-ERK (p-ERK); (B) phosphorylated-JNK (p-JNK); and (C) phosphorylated-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK) were determined by western blotting. Representative blots from three independent experiments are shown. Data represent the mean values of three experiments ± S.D. * p < 0.05 compared to the group treated with LPS alone.