Table 3.
Survival times of mice treated with the four Nigerian ethnomedicinal plants and combinations of the plants with standard drugs.
| Extract/Drug * | Survival time as Percentage of Negative Control per Model Type | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Prophylactic | Chemosuppressive | Curative | |
| NC (negative control) | 100.0 ± 6.3 a | 100.0 ± 15.8 a | 100.0 ± 8.2 a,b |
| Nauclea latifolia (root) | 312.5 ± 66.1 b,c,d | 115.8 ± 19.3 a | 195.5 ± 4.6 b |
| Nauclea latifolia (root) + PC | 437.5 ± 0.0 d | 184.2 ± 0.0 a | 181.1 ± 27.2 b |
| Arthocarpus altilis (stem bark) | 287.5 ± 54.7 b,c,d | 100.0 ± 29.8 a | 69.1 ± 30.0 a |
| Arthocarpus altilis (stem bark) + PC | 437.5 ± 0.0 d | 143.9 ± 37.7 a | 94.6 ± 5.5 a,b |
| Murraya koenigii (leaf) | 212.5 ± 60.9 a,b | 119.3 ± 34.2 a | 160.0 ± 18.2 a,b |
| Murraya koenigii (leaf) + PC | 290.6 ± 54.7 b,c,d | 115.8 ± 10.5 a | 170.0 ± 0.9 a,b |
| Enantia chlorantha (stem bark) | 240.6 ± 48.4 a,b,c | 98.3 ± 21.9 a | 67.3 ± 20.0 a |
| Enantia chlorantha (stem bark) + PC | 396.9 ± 40.6 c,d | 157.9 ± 53.5 a | 168.2 ± 50.9 a,b |
| PC (positive controls) | 437.5 ± 0.0 d | 184.2 ± 0.0 a | 163.6 ± 27.3 a,b |
Keys: Data show the mean ± SEM, n = 5. *: Doses of the extracts given were those that gave 50% activity; NC (negative control): Tween 80 in normal saline; PC (positive controls): Pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg) for prophylactic, and Chloroquine (10 mg/kg) for chemosuppressive and curative models. a, b, c, d: Values with different superscripts within columns are significantly different (p < 0.05, one-way analysis of variance followed by the Student–Newman–Keuls’ test).