Table 4.
Antimalarial activities of multiple combinations of the four Nigerian medicinal plants.
| Extract/Drug * | Percentage Reduction in Parasitaemia per Model Type | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Prophylactic | Chemosuppressive | Curative | |
| NC (negative control) | 0.0 ± 2.4 a | 0.0 ± 1.3 b | 0.0 ± 1.6 b |
| NL+AA | 75.0 ± 1.4 g | 44.5 ± 6.9 d | - a |
| NL+MK | 58.4 ± 1.1 e | 78.9 ± 0.2 g | 56.9 ± 0.9 f |
| NL+EC | 68.9 ± 2.9 f | 42.4 ± 3.1 d | 79.5 ± 3.7 g |
| AA+MK | 49.5 ± 0.8 d | 64.2 ± 1.2 f | - b |
| AA+EC | 56.6 ± 4.0 e | 56.4 ± 4.3 e | 38.0 ± 1.2 d,e |
| MK+EC | 16.7 ± 1.1 c | 76.9 ± 0.2 g | 29.8 ± 4.8 c,d |
| NL+AA+MK | 7.6 ± 2.9 b | 28.5 ± 1.4 c | 24.7 ± 1.0 c |
| NL+AA+EC | 87.4 ± 1.4 h | 65.7 ± 2.5 f | - b |
| NL+MK+EC | 47.5 ± 1.4 d | 23.5 ± 0.4 c | 79.8 ± 0.4 g |
| AA+MK+EC | 50.3 ± 1.0 d | 73.1 ± 1.4 f,g | 20.2 ± 1.0 c |
| NL+AA+MK+EC | 60.2 ± 0.5 e | - a | 52.7 ± 2.3 f |
| PC (positive controls) | 96.4 ± 0.1 i | 97.0 ± 0.1 h | 99.3 ± 0.0 h |
Data show the mean ± SEM, n = 5. *: Doses of the extract given were those that gave 50% activity; -: No reduction in parasitaemia; NC (negative control): Tween 80 in normal saline; NL: Nauclea latifolia (root); AA: Arthocarpus altilis (stem bark); MK: Murraya koenigi (leaf); EC: Enantia chlorantha (stem bark); PC (positive controls): Pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg) for prophylactic, and Chloroquine (10 mg/kg) for chemosuppressive and curative models. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i: Values with different superscripts within columns are significantly different (p < 0.05, one-way analysis of variance followed by the Student–Newman–Keuls’ test).