Table 1.
General characteristics of the experimental groups.
| Characteristic | Vehicle Control | Exercise Control | Ex-AM1 | Ex-AM5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Initial body weight (g) | 25.43 ± 0.24 | 25.47 ± 0.20 | 25.53 ± 0.29 | 25.49 ± 0.28 |
| 1 week body weight (g) | 29.94 ± 0.57 | 29.11 ± 0.40 | 28.76 ± 0.50 | 28.78 ± 0.57 |
| 2 week body weight (g) | 31.54 ± 0.59 | 30.07 ± 0.49 | 31.55 ± 0.50 | 31.41 ± 0.68 |
| 3 week body weight (g) | 32.63 ± 0.48 | 32.43 ± 0.50 | 32.84 ± 0.48 | 33.26 ± 0.85 |
| 4 week body weight (g) | 33.52 ± 0.44 | 33.53 ± 0.41 | 33.52 ± 0.53 | 34.23 ± 0.85 |
| 5 week body weight (g) | 34.50 ± 0.45 | 33.68 ± 0.33 | 34.59 ± 0.56 | 35.11 ± 0.81 |
| Final body weight (g) | 35.59 ± 0.51 | 35.80 ± 0.46 | 36.28 ± 0.44 | 37.18 ± 0.76 |
| Food intake (g/day) | 6.78 ± 0.01 a | 7.61 ± 0.01 d | 7.44 ± 0.03 c | 7.11 ± 0.03 b |
| Food efficiency (%) | 1.49 ± 0.06 | 1.35 ± 0.05 | 1.44 ± 0.05 | 1.64 ± 0.08 |
| Liver (g) | 2.16 ± 0.03 | 2.14 ± 0.03 | 2.05 ± 0.03 | 2.06 ± 0.04 |
| Kidney (g) | 0.61 ± 0.01 | 0.65 ± 0.02 | 0.62 ± 0.02 | 0.63 ± 0.01 |
| Epididymal fat pads (g) | 0.52 ± 0.03 | 0.47 ± 0.02 | 0.42 ± 0.04 | 0.46 ± 0.02 |
| Muscle (g) | 0.36 ± 0.01 | 0.36 ± 0.01 | 0.37 ± 0.01 | 0.37 ± 0.01 |
| Brown adipose tissue (g) | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.16 ± 0.01 |
| Relative liver weight (%) | 6.07 ± 0.07 b | 5.97 ± 0.07 b | 5.67 ± 0.07b | 5.54 ± 0.11 a |
| Relative kidney weight (%) | 1.72 ± 0.03 | 1.81 ± 0.04 | 1.71 ± 0.04 | 1.71 ± 0.04 |
| Relative epididymal fat pads weight (%) | 1.45 ± 0.06 | 1.30 ± 0.07 | 1.17 ± 0.12 | 1.23 ± 0.07 |
| Relative muscle weight (%) | 1.01 ± 0.02 | 1.02 ± 0.02 | 1.02 ± 0.02 | 1.00 ± 0.03 |
| Relative brown adipose tissue weight (%) | 0.37 ± 0.01 | 0.42 ± 0.02 | 0.43 ± 0.03 | 0.43 ± 0.03 |
Data are mean ± SEM for n = 10 mice in each group. Data in the same row with different superscript letters (a, b, c and d) differ significantly, p < 0.05, by one-way ANOVA. Food efficiency (%): body weight gain (g/day) ÷ food intake (g/day) × 100%. Muscle mass includes both gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in the back part of the lower legs.