Figure 3.
Inhibitory effect of luteolin on PMA plus A23187-induced TNF-α (A)- and IL-1β (B) production in HMC-1 cells. Cells (5 × 105) were pretreated with 1–20 μM luteolin for 30 min prior to stimulation with or without 25 nM PMA plus 1 μM A23187 and then incubated at 37 °C for 12 h. Cytokine levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Values are means ± SD of duplicate determinations from three independent experiments. # p < 0.001 versus the non-treated control group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01 versu PMA plus A23187 alone group.