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. 2014 Mar 24;19(3):3654–3668. doi: 10.3390/molecules19033654

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Artichoke leaf extracts reduce iNOS promoter activity. Human alveolar epithelium-like A549/8 cells were stably transfected with a construct containing a 16 kb fragment of the human iNOS promoter cloned in front of a luciferase reporter gene. The cells were treated with the cytokine mixture (CM) or CM in combination with an artichoke leaf extract (ALE, 10 µg/mL) for 6 h. Then, the cells were lysed, and luciferase activity was determined. The luciferase activity (normalized to protein content) was taken as a measure of iNOS promoter activity. * p < 0.05, compared with CM.