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. 2014 Feb 24;19(2):2612–2628. doi: 10.3390/molecules19022612

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© 2014 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Triptolide dose-dependently decreases proliferation and viability of gallbladder cancer cells. (A) GBC-SD cells and (B) SGC-996 cells were treated with different concentrations of triptolide for 48 and 72 h. Cell viability and IC50 were determined by MTT assay. C–F Triptolide suppressed colony formation of GBC-SD and SGC-996 cells. GBC-SD cells and SGC-996 cells were treated with triptolide for 48 h then cells were cultured in fresh medium for 14 days to form colonies. Representative Giemsa staining pictures of the colonies of GBC-SD cells (C) and SGC-996 cells (D). The number of the colonies of GBC-SD cells (E) and SGC-996 cells (F) were counted. Data shows the mean ± SD for three independent experiments. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.