Table 1.
Alzheimer’s Disease and circulating miRNAs.
| miRNA | Sample | Experimental approach | Pilot study | Validation study | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increased expression of miR-34a and miR-181b | PBMC | miRNA profiling | Microarray
AD: 16 NEC: 16 |
Taqman®
miRNA qRT-PCR |
[41] |
| 12-miRNA signature: miR-112, miR-161, let-7d-3p, miR-5010-3p, hsa-miR-26a-5p, hsa-miR-1285-5p, and hsa-miR-151a-3p upregulated; miR-103a-3p, miR-107, miR-532-5p, miR-26b-5p, let-7f-5p downregulated | Peripheral blood | miRNA profiling | Next Generation Sequencing
AD: 48 CT: 22 |
SYBR qRT-PCR
AD: 94 MCI: 18 MS: 16 PD: 9 DEP: 15 BD: 15 Schiz: 14 CT: 21 |
[42] |
| 7-miRNA signature: hsa-let-7d-5p, hsa-let-7g-5p, hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-142-3p, hsamiR-191-5p, hsa-miR-301a-3p and hsa-miR-545-3p | Plasma | miRNA profiling | Nanostring
AD: 11 MCI: 9 CT: 20 |
Taqman®
miRNA qRT-PCR AD: 20 CT: 17 |
[43] |
| Reduced expression of miR-27a-3p | CSF | miRNA profiling | qRT-PCR
AD CT |
qRT-PCR
AD: 35 CT: 37 |
[44] |
| 60 miRNAs differentially regulated between the different Braak stages, including Let-7 family members | CSF | miRNA profiling | Taqman®
miRNA qRT-PCR Braak stage V AD: 10 Braak stage I non demented controls: 10 |
[45] | |
| Elevated levels of miR-146a and miR-155 | CSF and ECF | Candidate miRNAs | Microarray
AD: 5 CT: 5 |
[47] | |
| Significant increase in miR-9, miR-125b, miR-146a, miR-155 | CSF and ECF | Candidate miRNAs | Microarray
AD: 6 CT: 6 |
[46] | |
| Elevated levels of let-7b | CSF | Candidate miRNAs | Taqman®
miRNA qRT-PCR AD: 13 CT: 11 |
[48] | |
| miR-15a associated with amyloid plaque score | Plasma | Candidate miRNAs | Microarray | qRT-PCR | [49] |
| miR-29a/b, miR-181c, and miR-9 down-regulated | Serum | Candidate miRNAs | SYBR qRT-PCR
AD: 7 MCI/Early AD: 7 CT: 7 |
[50] | |
| Increased levels of miR-34c | PBMC or cell-free plasma | Candidate miRNAs | Taqman®
miRNA qRT-PCR AD: 110 CT: 123 |
[51] | |
| Circulating brain-enriched miRNAs: “miR‐132 family” and “miR‐134 family” | Plasma | Candidate miRNAs | TaqMan®
miRNA qRT-PCR MCI: 10 CT: 10 |
TaqMan®
qRT-PCR MCI: 20 AD: 20 CT: 20 CY: 20 |
[53] |
(PBMC: Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells; NEC: Normal Elderly Controls; AD: Alzheimer Disease; CT: Control; MCI: Mild Cognitive Impairment; MS: Multiple Sclerosis; PD: Parkinson Disease; DEP: Major Depression; BD: Bipolar Disorder; Schiz: Schizophrenia; CSF: Cerebrospinal Fluid; ECF: brain tissue-derived extracellular fluid; CY: Young Control).