Table 4.
Ex vivo skin permeation study.
| Samples | MSKE Content a,c (μg/g) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Epidermis | Dermis | Total | |
| 1% w/w of MSKE solution | 26.78 ± 3.39 | 13.77 ± 2.19 | 40.55 ± 1.23 |
| 1% w/w MSKE-loaded w/o microemulsions | |||
| 1. Absolute EtOH | 225.42 ± 27.64 | 123.48 ± 6.18 | 348.90 ± 21.54 b |
| 2. 96.3% EtOH | 161.33 ± 17.00 | 150.79 ± 15.13 | 312.12 ± 9.07 b |
| 3. 1-PA | 1132.50 ± 36.23 | 687.97 ± 19.67 | 1820.47 ± 17.22 b |
| 4. 2-PA | 1075.59 ± 185.97 | 671.00 ± 116.23 | 1746.58 ± 130.00 b |
| 5. 1,2-PA * | 1076.27 ± 184.88 | 610.77 ± 102.78 | 1687.04 ± 84.07 b |
| 6. 1,2-PA ** | 637.38 ± 108.65 | 402.12 ± 66.55 | 1039.50 ± 49.24 b |
| 1% w/w MSKE-loaded o/w microemulsions | |||
| 1. Absolute EtOH | 327.23 ± 53.04 | 573.07 ± 87.26 | 900.30 ± 34.30 b |
| 2. 96.3% EtOH | 130.26 ± 19.11 | 613.38 ± 12.33 | 743.64 ± 15.53 b |
| 3. 1-PA | 1070.11 ± 68.72 | 1358.90 ± 234.21 | 2429.01 ± 166.17 b |
| 4. 2-PA | 800.69 ± 138.21 | 1518.43 ± 159.00 | 2319.12 ± 29.05 b |
a The values are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 3); b Significant difference between total MSKE content of all MSKE-loaded microemulsions and MSKE solution (p < 0.05); c The amount of MSKE that penetrated into the skin layers was calculated from the content analysis of PGG in MSKE; * = MSKE-loaded w/o microemulsion containing IPM (44.55%) and aqueous phase of 1,2-PA (14.85%); ** = MSKE-loaded w/o microemulsion containing IPM (29.70%) and aqueous phase of 1,2-PA (29.70%).