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. 2015 Jan 27;20(2):2081–2099. doi: 10.3390/molecules20022081

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© 2015 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Hematoxylin/eosin (HE; A–C) and immunohistochemical (A–D) staining for FAP and SMA of representative 2 μm paraffin-embedded sections of a normal artery (A), a stable plaque (B) and vulnerable plaques (C,D). Boxed higher-magnification images show a small blood vessel (normal artery A1), regions in the fibrous cap (stable B1, B2 and vulnerable plaque C1) and FAP-positive macrophages (C2, arrows). (D) High magnification images show FAP-positive giant cells (D1, arrowheads) and macrophages (D1, D2, arrows) in a vulnerable plaque. The endarterectomized plaques are composed of tunica intima and part of the media. Lu: lumen. Scale bar, low magnification 2000 μm; A1, B1, B2, C1, 200 μm; C2, D1, D2, 50 μm.