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. 2015 Mar 26;20(4):5374–5391. doi: 10.3390/molecules20045374

Table 1.

The anti-inflammatory activity of the tested compounds and reference drug (Indomethacin) in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay, Values are expressed as mean ± SEM, (n = 8).

Groups Increase in Paw Volume (Edema Volume) (mL)
0 h 1 h 2 h 3 h
Control 0.42 ± 0.01 0.71 ± 0.01 0.8 ± 0.01 0.84 ± 0.01
Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) 0.45 ± 0.01 0.65 ± 0.02 0.60 ± 0.02 *** 0.56 ± 0.02 ***
1 0.44 ± 0.03 0.66 ± 0.03 0.72 ± 0.03 0.64 ± 0.03 ***
2 0.43 ± 0.02 0.58 ± 0.02 ** 0.68 ± 0.02 ** 0.61 ± 0.02 ***
3 0.46 ± 0.02 0.56 ± 0.02 *** 0.66 ± 0.02 *** 0.57 ± 0.02 ***
4 0.40 ± 0.02 0.50 ± 0.02 *** 0.57 ± 0.02 *** 0.47 ± 0.02 ***
5 0.46 ± 0.03 0.63 ± 0.03 0.70 ± 0.03 ** 0.60 ± 0.03 ***
6 0.41 ± 0.02 0.64 ± 0.02 0.68 ± 0.02 ** 0.58 ± 0.02 ***
7 0.43 ± 0.03 0.68 ± 0.03 0.72 ± 0.03 0.60 ± 0.03 ***
8 0.47 ± 0.01 0.65 ± 0.01 0.58 ± 0.01 *** 0.52 ± 0.01 ***
9 0.43 ± 0.01 0.59 ± 0.01 ** 0.63 ± 0.01 *** 0.66 ± 0.02 ***
10 0.48 ± 0.03 0.61 ± 0.03 0.76 ± 0.03 0.64 ± 0.03 ***
11 0.42 ± 0.01 0.66 ± 0.01 0.63 ± 0.01 *** 0.57 ± 0.01 ***

** Significant difference at p < 0.01 and *** Significant difference at p < 0.001.