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. 2015 Jun 22;20(6):11432–11458. doi: 10.3390/molecules200611432

Table 1.

The composition of the essential oils of Achillea species. AB: A. biebersteinii, AC: A. coarctata, AH: A. hamzaoglui, AK: A. kotschyi subsp. kotschyi, AL: A. lycaonica, AM: A. millefolium subsp. millefolium, ASc: A. schischkinii, ASe: A. setacea, ASi: A. sintenisii, AV: A. vermicularis, and AW: A. wilhelmsii subsp. wilhelmsii.

No RRI a Compound Content b % IM c
AB AC AH AK AL AM ASc ASe ASi AV AW
1 1014 Tricyclene 0.1 - - - - - - - - - 0.2 MS
2 1032 α-Pinene 1.2 0.6 0.5 1.0 - tr 0.2 - - - 0.5 RRI, MS
3 1035 α-Thujene - - 0.2 - - - - - - - - MS
4 1043 Santolinatriene 0.5 - - - - - - - - - - MS
5 1076 Camphene 1.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 - 0.1 tr - - - 6.1 RRI, MS
6 1118 β-Pinene 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.4 - 0.1 0.3 - - - 0.5 RRI, MS
7 1132 Sabinene - - 4.0 - - 0.1 0.3 - - - - RRI, MS
8 1188 α-Terpinene - - 0.5 0.7 - 0.2 0.1 - - - - RRI, MS
9 1195 Dehydro-1,8-cineole - - 0.1 - - - - - - - - MS
10 1202 3-Hexanol - - - - 0.4 - - - - - - MS
11 1203 Limonene 0.2 - 0.1 0.5 - - 0.1 - - - - RRI, MS
12 1213 1,8-Cineole 16.5 1.0 24.1 22.5 0.2 4.1 3.4 3.1 0.6 - 4.2 RRI, MS
13 1222 2-Hexanol - - - - 0.2 - - - - - - MS
14 1255 γ-Terpinene 0.1 - 1.0 1.8 - 0.6 0.4 - - - - RRI, MS
15 1280 p-Cymene 18.6 0.6 0.2 8.4 - 1.4 8.5 - - - 1.8 RRI, MS
16 1285 Isoamylisovalerate - - 0.3 - - - - - - - 0.3 MS
17 1290 Terpinolene - - 0.2 - - - - - - - - RRI, MS
18 1294 1,2,4-Trimethyl benzene 0.2 - - - - - - - - - - MS
19 1299 2-Methylbutyl isovalerate - - - - - - - - - - 0.2 MS
20 1355 1,2,3-Trimethyl benzene 0.2 - - - - - - - - - - MS
21 1400 Nonanal - - - - - - 0.1 - - - - MS
22 1400 Tetradecane - - - - - - - - - 0.1 - RRI, MS
23 1405 Santolina alcohol 1.5 - - - - - - - - - - MS
24 1445 Filifolone 0.3 - - - - - 0.1 - - - - MS
25 1474 trans-Sabinene hydrate - - 2.1 0.5 - 0.5 0.5 - - - 0.3 MS
26 1495 Bicycloelemene - - - - - - 0.5 - - - - MS
27 1497 α-Copaene - - 0.4 - - - 0.4 - - - - MS
28 1499 α-Campholene aldehyde 0.3 - - - - - - - - - - RRI, MS
29 1506 Decanal - - - - - - 0.1 - - - - RRI, MS
30 1522 Chrysanthenone 1.3 - - - - - - - - - - MS
31 1532 Camphor 11.7 9.8 6.7 2.8 1.7 4.0 1.5 4.1 0.5 6.7 41.3 RRI, MS
32 1540 Modhephene - - - 0.4 - - - - - - - MS
33 1547 Dihydroachillene 0.3 - - - - - - - - - 0.2 MS
34 1553 Linalool 2.1 - 12.2 - - 0.6 0.5 - - - - RRI, MS
35 1556 cis-Sabinene hydrate - - 1.6 - 0.4 0.4 0.3 - - - 0.3 MS
36 1571 trans-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol 0.4 - 0.2 - - 0.3 0.1 - - - - MS
37 1582 cis-Chrysanthenyl acetate - - - - 2.9 0.5 - - 0.3 - - MS
38 1586 Pinocarvone 0.5 - 0.2 - - - 0.2 - - - 0.9 RRI, MS
39 1591 Bornyl acetate 0.2 - - 1.3 - - - - - 5.1 1.5 RRI, MS
40 1599 Chrysanthenyl propionate - - - - - - - - - 0.1 - MS
41 1600 Hexadecane - - - - 0.3 - - - - 0.1 - RRI, MS
42 1600 β-Elemene - - - - - - 0.1 - - - - RRI, MS
43 1611 Terpinen-4-ol 0.3 0.7 3.4 1.2 0.6 2.4 - tr - - 0.6 RRI, MS
44 1612 β-Caryophyllene - - 1.5 - - - 2.8 - - - - RRI, MS
45 1617 Lavandulyl acetate - - - - - 1.1 - 0.9 - 3.3 - RRI, MS
46 1638 cis-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol 0.3 - 0.2 - - 0.2 0.1 - - - - MS
47 1648 Myrtenal 0.4 - 0.2 - - - - 0.9 - - 0.6 MS
48 1651 Sabinaketone - - - - 0.4 - - - - - - MS
49 1655 Isobornyl propionate - - - - - - - - - - 0.2 MS
50 1656 Chrysanthenylisobutyrate - - - - - - - - - 0.1 - MS
51 1661 Alloaromadendrene - 0.7 0.2 - - - 0.4 - - - 0.3 MS
52 1664 Nonanol - - - - - - 0.1 - - - - MS
53 1670 trans-Pinocarveol 0.4 - - - 0.5 - 0.2 - - - 0.6 RRI, MS
54 1678 cis-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol - - - - - - - - - - - MS
55 1682 δ-Terpineol 0.3 - 0.7 0.4 - 0.2 0.1 - - - 0.1 MS
56 1683 trans-Verbenol - - 1.3 - 0.5 - - - - - 0.6 MS
57 1686 Lavandulol - - - - - 0.3 - - - - - RRI, MS
58 1687 α-Humulene - - - - - - 0.4 - - - - RRI, MS
59 1689 trans-piperitol 0.3 - - - - - - - - - - MS
60 1688 Selina-4,11-diene (=4,11-Eudesmadiene) - - - - - - 0.1 - - - - MS
61 1695 (E)-β-Farnesene - - 0.2 - - - - - - - - MS
62 1700 Heptadecane - - - - - - - - - 0.2 - RRI, MS
63 1704 γ-Muurolene - - - - - - 0.1 - - - - MS
64 1704 Myrtenyl acetate - - - - - - - 0.4 - - - MS
65 1705 Fragranyl acetate - - - - - 1.0 - - - - - MS
66 1706 α-Terpineol 0.6 1.2 2.9 1.6 - 2.2 1.5 0.8 - 0.1 0.2 RRI, MS
67 1715 Geranylformate - - - - - - 0.3 - - - - MS
68 1719 Borneol 0.6 2.1 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.3 - 1.3 2.5 6.2 RRI, MS
69 1722 Cabreuva oxide-II - - - - - - 0.2 - - - - MS
70 1726 Germacrene D 0.1 - 6.2 - - - 0.2 - - 0.1 - MS
71 1733 Neryl acetate - - - - - 0.3 - - - 0.6 - RRI, MS
72 1740 α-Muurolene - - - - - - 0.2 - - - - MS
73 1742 β-Selinene - - - - - - - 1.0 0.3 - 0.4 MS
74 1743 Chrysanthenyl isovalerate I - - - - 0.4 - - - - 4.8 - ,MS
75 1748 Piperitone 1.3 - - - - - 1.4 - - - - RRI, MS
76 1755 Bicyclogermacrene - - 2.8 - - - 0.2 - - - - MS
77 1758 cis-Piperitol 0.3 - - 0.5 - 0.2 0.2 - - - - MS
78 1760 Chrysanthenylisovalerate II - - - - - - - - - 3.3 - MS
79 1764 cis-Chrysanthenol - - - - 2.9 1.5 - - - - - MS
80 1768 Cabreuva oxide-IV - - - - - - 0.2 - - - - MS
81 1770 Isobornylisovalerate - - - - - - - - - - 0.6 MS
82 1773 δ-Cadinene - - 0.2 - - 1.4 0.2 - - - - MS
83 1776 γ-Cadinene - - - - 0.5 - 0.1 - - 0.1 - MS
84 1783 β-Sesquiphellandrene - - - - - - - - - 0.1 - MS
85 1786 ar-Curcumene - - - - - - - 0.2 - 1.3 - MS
86 1786 Aromadendra-1(10),4(15)-diene - - - - - - 0.6 - - - - MS
87 1800 Octadecane - - - - - - - - - 0.1 - RRI, MS
88 1802 Cumin aldehyde 0.6 - - 0.6 - - 0.2 - - - - RRI, MS
89 1804 Myrtenol 0.2 - 0.2 - - - - 1.7 - - 0.4 MS
90 1807 Fragranol - - - - - 2.2 - - - - - MS
91 1808 Nerol - - - - - 0.6 - - - - - RRI, MS
92 1823 p-Mentha-1(7),5-dien-2-ol - - - - - - 0.1 - - - - MS
93 1830 Tridecanal - - - - 0.1 - 0.2 - - - - MS
94 1849 Calamenene - - - - - 0.2 - - - - - MS
95 1857 Geraniol - - - - - - 0.2 - - - - RRI, MS
96 1868 (E)-Geranyl acetone - - - - 0.2 - 0.1 - - 0.1 - MS
97 1898 1,11-Oxidocalamenene - - - - - 0.5 - - - - - MS
98 1900 epi-Cubebol - - - - - tr - - - - MS
99 1900 Nonadecane - - - - - - - - - 0.1 - RRI, MS
100 1921 α-Phellandrene epoxide - - - - - - 0.3 - - - - MS
101 1941 α-Calacorene - - - - - 1.1 0.1 - - - - MS
102 1945 1,5-Epoxy-salvial(4)14-ene - - - - 3.9 - - - 0.4 1.1 - MS
103 1953 Palustrol - 0.8 - - - - - - - - - MS
104 1957 Cubebol - - - - 0.3 - 0.1 - - - - MS
105 1958 (E)-β-Ionone - - - - - - - - - 0.6 - MS
106 1969 cis-Jasmone 0.5 - - - 0.3 - - - - - - MS
107 1984 γ-Calacorene - - - - - 0.2 - - - - - MS
108 2001 Isocaryophyllene oxide - - 0.2 - - - 0.3 - - - - MS
109 2008 Caryophyllene oxide 0.4 9.6 3.9 10.1 3.2 7.7 17.5 3.1 7.5 0.7 3.1 RRI, MS
110 2030 Methyl eugenol - - - - - - - - - 0.1 - RRI, MS
111 2037 Salvial-4(14)-en-1-one - - - - 1.7 - 0.2 - 0.6 0.4 - MS
112 2041 Pentadecanal 0.2 - 0.2 - 1.0 0.3 - 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.2 MS
113 2050 (E)-Nerolidol - - 2.2 1.6 - 1.1 6.2 - 0.4 4.4 - MS
114 2056 13-Tetradecanolide 0.2 - - - 0.7 - - 0.8 - - 1.5 MS
115 2057 Ledol - 1.6 - - - 0.5 0.7 - - - - MS
116 2071 Humulene epoxide-II - 0.4 - 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.1 - 0.3 - - MS
117 2074 Caryophylla-2(12),6(13)-dien-5-one - 0.8 - 0.9 0.2 - 0.5 - 0.6 - 1.8 MS
118 2080 Junenol (=Eudesm-4(15)-en-6-ol) - - - - - - 0.2 - - - - MS
119 2088 1-epi-Cubenol - - - - - 4.1 - - - - - MS
120 2092 β-Oplopenone - - - - 0.5 - - - - - - MS
121 2104 Viridiflorol - 25.9 - 3.9 - - 0.2 - - - - MS
122 2130 Salviadienol - - - - 0.8 - - - - - - MS
123 2131 Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone 0.3 - - 0.8 3.3 0.2 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.6 MS
124 2144 Spathulenol 0.5 1.3 2.0 2.6 4.6 2.5 9.1 2.2 2.7 3.3 0.4 MS
125 2156 α-Bisabolol oxide B - - - - - 0.7 - 5.7 - - - MS
126 2161 Bisabolol oxide - - - - - 0.6 - 1.1 - - - RRI, MS
127 2161 Muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1-ol - - - - - 6.8 0.2 - - - - MS
128 2179 1-Tetradecanol - - - - 0.4 - 0.1 - - 0.7 - MS
129 2185 γ-Eudesmol 0.1 - - - - - - - - - - MS
130 2186 Eugenol 0.1 - - - - - - - - - - RRI, MS
131 2187 T-Cadinol - - 0.4 1.0 1.1 - 1.2 - - - 0.6 MS
132 2191 Zingiberenol - - - - - - - 0.4 - - - MS
133 2198 Thymol 0.5 - - 0.6 - - 1.2 - - - 2.1 RRI, MS
134 2200 α-Bisabolon oxide A - - - - - - - 27.0 - - - MS
135 2204 Eremoligenol - - - - - - 0.8 - - - - MS
136 2209 T-Muurolol - - 0.3 - - - - - - 0.2 - MS
137 2210 Copaborneol - - - - 0.8 - - - - - - MS
138 2211 Clovenol - 0.6 - - - - 0.3 - - - - MS
139 2214 ar-Turmerol - - - - 0.5 - - 0.6 - 0.8 - MS
140 2221 Isocarvacrol 0.4 - - - - - - - - - - MS
141 2232 α-Bisabolol - - - - - 11.7 - 4.8 - 0.5 - RRI, MS
142 2239 Carvacrol 1.4 - - - - - 0.6 - - - 0.3 RRI, MS
143 2241 Heptadecanal - - - - 0.9 - - - - - - MS
144 2247 trans-α-Bergamotol - - - - - - 0.4 - - - - MS
145 2255 α-Cadinol - - - 0.3 - - - - - - - RRI, MS
146 2256 Cadalene - - - - - 1.4 - - - - - MS
147 2257 β-Eudesmol 10.1 7.4 1.9 4.9 - - 3.4 - 26.4 4.4 - RRI, MS
148 2260 15-Hexadecanolide 0.6 9.4 - - 2.2 - - - - 19.6 0.9 MS
149 2264 Intermedeol - - - 0.7 - - - - - - - MS
150 2279 Pentadecanol - - - - - - - 0.7 - - - MS
151 2300 Tricosane 0.9 0.8 - 0.7 1.3 0.4 0.7 1.2 2.4 1.4 0.4 RRI, MS
152 2316 Caryophylla-2(12),6(13)-dien-5β-ol (=Caryophylladienol I) - 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.8 1.5 - 1.6 - 2.3 MS
153 2324 Caryophylla-2(12),6(13)-dien-5α-ol (=Caryophylladienol II) - 4.3 2.9 2.4 2.7 2.6 4.9 1.2 4.8 - 6.4 MS
154 2325 Bisabolone - - - - - - - 0.7 - - - RRI, MS
155 2369 Eudesma-4(15),7-dien-4β-ol - - - - 0.6 0.6 0.9 - 0.6 1.0 - MS
156 2384 Hexadecanol - - - - - - - 0.5 - 0.6 - MS
157 2389 Caryophylla-2(12),6-dien-5α-ol (=Caryophyllenol I) - 2.9 - 1.1 1.1 - 1.2 - 0.5 - 0.7 MS
158 2392 Caryophylla-2(12),6-dien-5β-ol (=Caryophyllenol II) - 2.9 1.0 1.7 1.5 1.2 3.8 - 2.4 - 2.7 MS
159 2400 Tetracosane - - - - - - - - 0.5 0.8 - RRI, MS
160 2411 4-Isopropyl-6-methyl-1-tetralone - - - - - 0.6 - - - - - MS
161 2430 Chamazulene - - - - - 0.4 - - - - - MS
162 2438 α-Bisabolol oxide A - - - - - - - 0.7 - - - MS
163 2475 1-Heptadecanol - - - - - - - - - 1.0 - MS
164 2500 Pentacosane 1.4 0.7 - 1.2 6.1 1.5 0.2 2.2 3.7 4.4 1.3 RRI, MS
165 2607 1-Octadecanol - 0.8 - - 1.0 - - - 2.2 2.0 0.6 MS
166 2607 Octadecanol - - - 0.5 - - - - - - - MS
167 2622 Phytol - - - - 1.0 0.4 - - - 0.9 - MS
168 2670 Tetradecanoic acid 0.8 - - 0.7 - - - - 1.4 - - RRI, MS
169 2676 (Z)-Octadec-9-en-18-olide 0.3 - - - 1.3 - - - - - - MS
170 2679 Manool - - - - - - - - - 0.3 - MS
171 2700 Heptacosane 1.0 - - 1.7 9.2 1.8 0.7 1.6 4.1 6.3 1.1 RRI, MS
172 2795 Eicosanol - - - - - - - - 1.7 - - MS
173 2800 Octacosane - - - - - - - - 1.3 - - RRI, MS
174 2822 Pentadecanoic acid 0.4 - - - - - - - - - - RRI, MS
175 2900 Nonacosane 0.2 - - tr 10.6 2.6 0.4 1.3 2.6 4.1 1.1 RRI, MS
176 2931 Hexadecanoic acid 11.2 8.2 - 7.7 - 4.6 1.9 16.4 22.7 - 0.6 RRI, MS
Monoterpene Hydrocarbones 39.5 3.5 32.7 36.8 0.2 6.6 13.3 3.1 0.6 - 13.3
Oxygenated Monoterpenes 26.6 13.8 32.5 10.5 11 18.9 9.8 8.8 2.1 26.8 56.4
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbones 0.1 0.7 11.5 0.4 0.5 4.3 6.4 1.2 0.3 1.6 0.7
Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes 11.1 59.4 15.8 32.3 24.1 42.2 55.4 47.5 48.8 16.8 18
Diterpenes - - - - 1.0 0.4 - - 1.2 -
Fatty acid + esters 12.4 8.2 - 8.4 - 4.6 1.9 16.4 24.1 - 0.6
Others 6.0 11.7 0.5 4.9 39.3 7.8 3.1 9.6 19.9 43.9 8.8
Identified components 55 28 45 41 48 57 82 31 30 46 46
Total 95.7 97.3 93.0 93.3 76.1 84.8 89.9 86.6 95.8 90.3 97.8

a Relative retention indices calculated against n-alkanes; b % calculated from TIC data. c IM: Identification method based on the relative retention indices (RRI) of authentic compounds on the HP Innowax column; MS, identified on the basis of computer matching of the mass spectra with those of the Wiley and MassFinder libraries and comparison with literature data; tr: <0.1%.