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. 2015 Jun 8;20(6):10535–10552. doi: 10.3390/molecules200610535

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© 2015 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Scheme 1 — Chemical structures and transformations of ginsenoside commonly isolated from American ginseng roots according to Leung and Wong [3], and Yousef and Bernards [27].