Table 3.

Resistance region and possibility regimens for H. pylori eradication in Asia.

Resistance Region Type	Country	First and Second Line Therapy						Rescue Therapy
		CAM-Based Triple Therapy	MNZ-Based Triple Therapy	BIS-Based Quadruple Therapy	Non-BIS Quadruple “Concomitant” Therapy	Sequential Therapy	Hybrid Therapy	LVX-Based Triple Therapy	RIF-Based Triple Therapy
Low four antibiotics resistance	Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
High CAM resistance (>20%)	Japan		√	√	√	√	√	√	√
High MNZ resistance (>40%)	China-Hong Kong, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Bhutan	√		√	√	√	√	√	√
High CAM and MNZ resistance	Turkey, Bahrain, Vietnam			√	√		√	√	√
High CAM and LVX resistance	South Korea		√	√	√	√	√	√	√
High CAM, MNZ and LVX resistance	China-Beijing and Shoutheast China			√	√			√	√
High CAM, MNZ and AMOX resistance	Indonesia			√			√	√	√
High CAM, MNZ, AMOX and LVX (CIP) resistance	Iran, India, Pakistan			√					√

Abbreviations: CAM: clarithromycin, MNZ: metronidazole, LVX: levofloxacin, AMX: amoxicillin, CIP: ciprofloxacin, TCN: tetracycline.