Table 2.
Free volatile compound (μg/L) from the juice of the interspecific hybrid grape varieties Frontenac, Maréchal Foch, Marquette, Sabrevois, and St. Croix harvested in the province of Québec (Canada), during the season 2012.
| Compound | Frontenac | Maréchal Foch | Marquette | Sabrevois | St. Croix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatty Acid Degradation Products | |||||
| hexanal | 41.3 ± 43.5 ab 1 | 101 ± 99 ab | 136 ± 132 b | 8.34 ± 9.06 ab | 3.26 ± 1.81 a |
| (Z)-3-hexenal | 66.7 ± 40.2 bc | 72.4 ± 50.8 c | 48.5 ± 36.5 abc | 9.55 ± 8.51 ab | 1.37 ± 1.49 a |
| (E)-2-hexenal | 808 ± 510 bc | 927 ± 455 c | 693 ± 536 abc | 228 ± 234 ab | 18.8 ± 16.8 a |
| 2-octanone | 0.09 ± 0.05 a | 0.13 ± 0.11a | 0.09 ± 0.10 a | 0.02 ± 0.03 a | 0.10 ± 0.12 a |
| 1-octen-3-one | tr | 0.01 ± 0.01 | tr | tr | tr |
| (E)-2-heptenal | 0.58 ± 0.32 ab | 1.40 ± 0.92 b | 0.73 ± 0.56 ab | 0.66 ± 0.46 ab | 0.11 ± 0.26 a |
| hexanol | 262 ± 267 ab | 784 ± 300 c | 623 ± 138 bc | 64.8 ± 20.5 a | 111 ± 133 a |
| (Z)-3-hexenol | 64.3 ± 25.5 c | 25.0 ± 13.9 ab | 55.1 ± 32.8 bc | 23.7 ± 8.5 ab | 18.5 ± 6.0 a |
| (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal | 28.7 ± 19.4 ab | 41.4 ± 30.0 b | 25.0 ± 22.7 ab | 2.23 ± 2.59 a | 1.14 ± 0.44 a |
| (E)-2-hexenol | 840 ± 384 b | 1 111 ± 510 b | 579 ± 219 ab | 149 ± 47 a | 81.5 ± 66.1 a |
| 1-octen-3-ol | 0.51 ± 0.17 a | 1.56 ± 1.27 b | 0.81 ± 0.32 ab | 0.58 ± 0.19 ab | 0.41 ± 0.26 a |
| heptanol | tr | 0.24 ± 0.61 | tr | tr | tr |
| (E,Z)-2,4-heptadienal | 0.40 ± 0.12 b | 0.41 ± 0.05 b | 0.28 ± 0.17 ab | 0.22 ± 0.18 ab | 0.08 ± 0.13 a |
| (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal | 2.13 ± 0.48 b | 2.28 ± 0.38 b | 1.54 ± 0.88 ab | 1.62 ± 0.90 ab | 0.84 ± 0.78 a |
| decanal | 0.94 ± 0.01 a | 0.95 ± 0.02 a | 0.76 ± 0.42 a | 0.62 ± 0.48 a | 0.82 ± 0.36 a |
| (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal | 0.31 ± 0.19 ab | 0.41 ± 0.24 b | 0.15 ± 0.14 ab | 0.27 ± 0.04 ab | 0.13 ± 0.09 a |
| 2-undecanone | 0.27 ± 0.21 a | 0.33 ± 0.28 a | 0.59 ± 0.73 a | 0.49 ± 0.46 a | 1.09 ± 1.13 a |
| hexanoic acid | 38.8 ± 17.9 a | 135 ± 109 b | 55.4 ± 33.3 ab | 32.9 ± 25.3 a | 34.3 ± 46.8 a |
| Sum | 2 176 ± 679 b | 3 205 ± 915 c | 2 220 ± 799 bc | 523 ± 300 a | 273 ± 188 a |
| Ethyl Esters | |||||
| ethyl propanoate | 0.36 ± 0.90 a | 14.1 ± 11.6 b | 0.03 ± 0.06 a | 13.6 ± 7.76 b | 0.05 ± 0.08 a |
| ethyl 2-methylpropanoate | 0.21 ± 0.39 a | 0.77 ± 2.04 a | nd | nd | nd |
| ethyl butanoate | 0.34 ± 0.97 a | 71.7 ± 49.0 a | tr | 196 ± 97.8 b | tr |
| ethyl 2-methylbutanoate | nd | 1.02 ± 0.76 a | nd | 3.20 ± 1.58 b | nd |
| ethyl 3-methylbutanoate | nd | 0.22 ± 0.22 a | nd | 0.17 ± 0.18 a | nd |
| ethyl (E)-2-butenoate | 0.05 ± 0.12 a | 22.4 ± 23.1 b | tr | 30.1 ± 13.9 b | 0.02 ± 0.03 a |
| ethyl hexanoate | 0.01 ± 0.02 a | 14.5 ± 11.3 b | tr | 19.5 ± 11.4 b | tr |
| ethyl octanoate | tr | tr | tr | 2.09 ± 3.54 a | 2.09 ± 5.50 a |
| Sum | 0.97 ± 1.35 a | 125 ± 90 b | 0.03 ± 0.06 a | 265 ± 126 c | 2.16 ± 5.47 a |
| Terpenes | |||||
| β-myrcene | 1.17 ± 0.96 a | 1.60 ± 0.71 a | 1.92 ± 0.06 a | 1.24 ± 0.96 a | 0.79 ± 0.98 a |
| (R)-(+)-limonene | 0.12 ± 0.05 a | 0.11 ± 0.06 a | 0.12 ± 0.09 a | 0.08 ± 0.04 a | 0.10 ± 0.05 a |
| linalool | 0.78 ± 0.11 a | 0.86 ± 0.20 a | 1.64 ± 0.87 b | 0.62 ± 0.13 a | 0.51 ± 0.23 a |
| α-terpineol | tr | tr | 0.96 ± 1.20 b | 0.10 ± 0.22 a | tr |
| β-citronellol | nd | tr | tr | 0.01 ± 0.01 | tr |
| nerol | tr | nd | 0.09 ± 0.11 a | nd | 0.10 ± 0.16 a |
| Sum | 2.07 ± 0.97 a | 2.57 ± 0.88 a | 4.73 ± 2.03 b | 2.05 ± 0.75 a | 1.51 ± 0.90 a |
| C13-Norisoprenoids | |||||
| β-damascenone | 3.21 ± 1.76 a | 1.62 ± 0.85 a | 6.00 ± 6.77 a | 1.56 ± 1.26 a | 2.68 ± 1.61 a |
| α-ionone | 0.51 ± 0.39 a | 0.56 ± 0.30 a | 1.03 ± 0.96 a | 0.66 ± 0.52 a | 1.38 ± 0.99 a |
| α-ionol | 1.86 ± 0.92 a | 2.03 ± 0.57 a | 3.54 ± 3.12 a | 2.13 ± 0.92 a | 4.86 ± 4.24 a |
| β-ionone | 0.10 ± 0.04 a | 0.20 ± 0.09 a | 0.11 ± 0.03 a | 0.06 ± 0.01 a | 0.05 ± 0.02 a |
| Sum | 5.68 ± 2.93 a | 4.41 ± 1.59 a | 10.7 ± 10.8 a | 4.41 ± 2.66 a | 8.97 ± 6.59 a |
| Volatile Phenols And Benzene Derivatives | |||||
| 2-phenylacetaldehyde | 2.24 ± 4.37 a | 2.04 ± 4.50 a | 3.75 ± 5.90 a | 413 ± 183 b | 298 ± 182 b |
| phenethyl acetate | 0.02 ± 0.02 a | 0.74 ± 1.54 a | 0.01 ± 0.01 a | 0.06 ± 0.08 a | 0.23 ± 0.32 a |
| 2-phenylethanol | 4.72 ± 9.40 a | 11.3 ± 23.3 a | 0.90 ± 0.40 a | 27.2 ± 29.9 a | 57.2 ± 61.1 a |
| eugenol | 0.49 ± 0.32 ab | 0.30 ± 0.28 a | 0.33 ± 0.31ab | 0.75 ± 0.17 b | 0.16 ± 0.27 a |
| p-vinylguaiacol | 1.34 ± 1.41a | 0.35 ± 0.54 a | 0.22 ± 0.38 a | 2.91 ± 2.78 a | 1.34 ± 3.20 a |
| Sum | 8.81 ± 12.7 a | 14.7 ± 24.0 a | 5.21 ± 6.02 a | 444 ± 194 b | 357 ± 141 b |
| Others | |||||
| isoamyl acetate | 0.10 ± 0.15 a | 1.15 ± 1.76 a | 0.02 ± 0.04 a | 0.53 ± 0.48 a | 0.89 ± 1.90 a |
| isoamyl alcohol | tr | tr | tr | tr | 0.44 ± 1.03 |
1 Values are listed as mean ± standard deviation of six to eight samples per grape variety. Values on the same line followed by a different letter are significantly different according to Tukey’s least significant difference test (p ≤ 0.05). When a compound could be quantified in more than 50% of samples, but found to be under LOQ in the remaining samples, the mean was calculated using all samples, with the quantification value for samples above LOQ, and with LOQ/2 in samples containing levels below LOQ; nd: Not detected; tr: Compound was found below LOQ in most samples.