Table 3.
Free volatile compounds (μg/kg berry) from berry skin of the interspecific hybrids Frontenac, Maréchal Foch, Marquette, Sabrevois, and St. Croix harvested in the province of Québec (Canada), during the season 2012.
| Compound | Frontenac | Maréchal Foch | Marquette | Sabrevois | St. Croix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatty Acid Degradation Products | |||||
| hexanal | 27.7 ± 9.58 a | 126 ± 51.0 ab | 222 ± 93 b | 53.5 ± 39.7 ab | 36.3 ± 22.5 a |
| (E)-2-hexenal | 52.5 ± 28.7 ab | 174 ± 138 ab | 270 ± 143 b | 55.1 ± 25.5 ab | 29.4 ± 12.3 a |
| hexanol | 9.29 ± 3.01 a | 17.3 ± 5.14 a | 15.9 ± 2.39 a | 13.2 ± 4.10 a | 9.47 ± 3.31 a |
| (Z)-3-hexenol | 9.35 ± 1.67 ab | 8.96 ± 0.61 a | 12.3 ± 2.30 b | 9.08 ± 0.82 ab | 9.20 ± 1.57 a |
| (E)-2-hexenol | 2.73 ± 2.22 a | 5.19 ± 2.30 ab | 4.06 ± 3.21 b | 2.25 ± 2.00 a | 0.61 ± 0.45 a |
| 1-octen-3-ol | 1.38 ± 0.05 a | 1.39 ± 0.17 a | 1.21 ± 0.11 a | 1.28 ± 0.22 a | 1.19 ± 0.10 a |
| hexanoic acid | tr | tr | tr | tr | tr |
| Sum | 102 ± 34 a 1 | 333 ± 167 b | 525 ± 235 b | 115 ± 63 a | 77.3 ± 38.4 a |
| Ethyl Esters 2 | |||||
| ethyl 2-methylbutanoate | nd | tr | nd | 0.12 ± 0.003 | nd |
| ethyl butanoate | 0.58 ± 0.24 a | 8.26 ± 9.26 b | tr | 13.8 ± 5.47 b | 0.55 ± 0.48 a |
| ethyl (E)-2-butenoate | tr | 3.35 ± 2.42 a | nd | 1.79 ± 1.37 b | nd |
| ethyl hexanoate | tr | tr | tr | tr | tr |
| Sum | 0.49 ± 0.44 a | 10.7 ± 10.9 bc | 0.20 ± 0.23 ab | 15.8 ± 5.87 c | 0.47 ± 0.48 a |
| Terpenes | |||||
| β-myrcene | 0.21 ± 0.11 a | 0.31 ± 0.06 a | 1.64 ± 0.67 b | 0.49 ± 0.28 a | 0.21 ± 0.04 a |
| R-(+)-limonene | 0.53 ± 0.05 a | 0.53 ± 0.03 a | 0.96 ± 0.43 b | 0.63 ± 0.20 ab | 0.51 ± 0.03 a |
| linalool | 0.47 ± 0.12 a | 0.61 ± 0.26 a | 6.94 ± 5.91 b | 3.48 ± 1.36 ab | 0.91 ± 0.55 a |
| α-terpineol | tr | tr | tr | tr | tr |
| β-citronellol | 0.06 ± 0.05 a | 0.17 ± 0.10 ab | 0.25 ± 0.08 c | 0.37 ± 0.12 bc | nd |
| nerol | 0.64 ± 0.09 a | 0.67 ± 0.04 a | 0.72 ± 0.06 a | 0.70 ± 0.07 a | 0.66 ± 0.07 a |
| Sum | 1.88 ± 0.25 a | 2.21 ± 0.40 a | 10.5 ± 7.04 b | 5.67 ± 1.86 a | 2.33 ± 0.66 a |
| C13-Norisoprenoids | |||||
| β-damascenone | 25.0 ± 19.7 a | 16.0 ± 5.67 a | 11.6 ± 1.88 a | 18.9 ± 6.43 a | 34.3 ± 11.7 a |
| β-ionone | 0.23 ± 0.04 a | 0.28 ± 0.08 a | 0.28 ± 0.08 a | 0.29 ± 0.15 a | 0.31 ± 0.10 a |
| Sum | 25.2 ± 19.7 ab | 16.3 ± 5.72 ab | 11.8 ± 1.90 a | 19.2 ± 6.54 ab | 34.6 ± 11.8 b |
| Volatile Phenols And Benzene Derivatives | |||||
| 2-phenylacetaldehyde | tr | tr | tr | 18.7 ± 12.7 a | 15.7 ± 6.74 a |
| 2-phenylethanol | 18.3 ± 25.3 a | 16.7 ± 18.9 a | 17.5 ± 11.9 a | 332 ± 95.6 b | 29.7 ± 18.4 a |
| eugenol | tr | nd | nd | 0.73 ± 0.36 | nd |
| Sum | 18.0 ± 25.8 a | 19.0 ± 16.9 a | 17.6 ± 12.0 a | 351 ± 100 b | 45.4 ± 23.2 a |
1 Values are listed as mean ± standard deviation of six to eight samples per grape variety. Values on the same line followed by a different letter are significantly different according to Tukey’s least significant difference test (p ≤ 0.05). When a compound could be quantified in more than 50% of samples, but found to be under LOQ in the remaining samples, the mean was calculated using all samples, with the quantification value for samples above LOQ, and with LOQ/2 in samples containing levels below LOQ; 2 Other fatty acid ethyl esters such as ethyl propanoate, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, and ethyl octanoate were not detected in berry skin extract; nd: Not detected; tr: Compound was found below LOQ in most samples.