Table 3.
Concentration of phenolic compounds (mg/L ± SD) in finished wines made with different CS durations.
| Compound | Cold Soak Duration | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 Day | 1 Day | 4 Days | 7 Days | 10 Days | ||
| Gallic acid | 27.40 ± 0.28d | 28.43 ± 0.74cd | 30.55 ± 2.15bc | 32.54 ± 0.94ab | 33.67 ± 1.14a | |
| (+)-Catechin | 38.52 ± 1.05c | 41.04 ± 2.06bc | 43.98 ± 2.72ab | 46.30 ± 2.07ab | 47.27 ± 2.54a | |
| (−)-Epicatechin | 17.65 ± 1.12c | 19.10 ± 0.14bc | 21.02 ± 0.93ab | 22.33 ± 0.25a | 22.74 ± 1.24a | |
| Caftaric acid | 3.10 ± 0.31a | 3.39 ± 0.55a | 5.16 ± 1.42a | 3.91 ± 2.03a | 4.08 ± 1.25a | |
| Coutaric acid | 1.47 ± 0.14a | 1.42 ± 0.25a | 2.15 ± 0.68a | 1.70 ± 0.67a | 1.73 ± 0.47a | |
| Caffeic acid | 33.17 ± 0.75a | 35.88 ± 1.04a | 34.71 ± 2.77a | 32.01 ± 2.91a | 32.68 ± 1.36a | |
| p-Coumaric acid | 10.77 ± 0.41a | 11.79 ± 0.15a | 11.42 ± 0.76a | 10.37 ± 0.34a | 10.24 ± 0.51a | |
| Quer-glycoside | 12.11 ± 0.70a | 11.38 ± 2.18a | 10.99 ± 0.56a | 9.90 ± 0.59a | 10.51 ± 1.09a | |
| Quercetin | 2.27 ± 0.55a | 2.34 ± 0.28a | 2.49 ± 0.45a | 2.04 ± 0.10a | 1.96 ± 0.42a | |
| Delph-3-glu | 4.49 ± 0.13a | 4.54 ± 0.64a | 4.99 ± 0.09a | 4.34 ± 0.11a | 4.59 ± 0.27a | |
| Pet-3-glu | 5.43 ± 0.26a | 5.45 ± 0.59a | 5.58 ± 0.28a | 4.87 ± 0.17a | 5.14 ± 0.26a | |
| Peo-3-glu | 3.71 ± 0.37a | 3.67 ± 0.29a | 3.70 ± 0.05a | 3.45 ± 0.05ab | 3.00 ± 0.07b | |
| Mlv-3-glu | 135.65 ± 8.40a | 141.63 ± 2.84a | 145.03 ± 8.39a | 137.00 ± 0.93a | 134.24 ± 6.09a | |
| Delph-3-glu-ac | 1.63 ± 0.09a | 1.68 ± 0.13a | 1.66 ± 0.02a | 1.48 ± 0.05a | 1.46 ± 0.07a | |
| Pet-3-glu-ac | 2.33 ± 0.15a | 2.31 ± 0.17a | 2.29 ± 0.10a | 2.05 ± 0.06a | 2.05 ± 0.10a | |
| Peo-3-glu-ac | 1.56 ± 0.09a | 1.56 ± 0.06ab | 1.59 ± 0.02ab | 1.52 ± 0.04bc | 1.46 ± 0.05c | |
| Mlv-3-glu-ac | 48.53 ± 4.40a | 45.88 ± 2.84ab | 44.26 ± 0.64ab | 39.83 ± 1.64bc | 37.71 ± 0.44c | |
| Pet-3-glu-cou | 1.42 ± 0.05ab | 1.43 ± 0.03a | 1.44 ± 0.03a | 1.37 ± 0.04ab | 1.33 ± 0.01b | |
| Peo-3-glu-cou | 1.56 ± 0.09a | 1.56 ± 0.06a | 1.59 ± 0.02a | 1.52 ± 0.04a | 1.46 ± 0.05a | |
| Mlv-3-glu-cou | 11.22 ± 1.06a | 10.92 ± 0.88a | 11.23 ± 0.13a | 10.25 ± 0.37a | 9.82 ± 0.23a | |
| Total Anthocyanin | 218.83 ± 14.70a | 221.73 ± 8.53a | 224.40 ± 9.53a | 208.56 ± 1.60a | 203.05 ± 5.49a | |
| Total tannin | 436.31 ± 2.69c | 451.64 ± 27.74bc | 486.09 ± 32.52abc | 496.78 ± 11.85ab | 532.78 ± 15.54a | |
| Poly-pigment | 17.21 ± 0.59a | 17.51 ± 0.25a | 17.06 ± 0.46a | 16.37 ± 0.01a | 16.96 ± 0.40a | |
Notes: Means ± SD followed by same letter within the same row indicates no significant difference (p < 0.05, n = 3). Quer-glycoside, quercetin glycosides; Poly-pigment, Polymeric pigment; Delph-, Pet-, Peo-, and Mlv-3-glu; delphinidin-, petunidin-, peonidin-, and malvidin-3-glucoside, respectively. Delph-, Pet-, Peo-, and Mlv-3-glu-ac; delphinidin-, petunidin-, peonidin-, and malvidin-3-glucoside-acetate, respectively. Pet-, Peo-, and Mlv-3-glu-cou; petunidin-, peonidin-, and malvidin-3-glucoside-p-coumarate, respectively.