Figure 4.
Effect of hinokitiol on PDGF-BB signaling pathway in VSMCs. Confluent cells were pre-treated in the presence or absence of hiokitiol (2–5 μM) in a serum-free medium, and then stimulated with 10 ng/mL PDGF-BB at 37 °C for 10 min. The cells were lysed, and the levels of (A) p-Akt; (B) p-ERK1/2; (C) p-p38 and (D) p-JNK were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. The respective total proteins were used for the normalization of phosphorylated ones. Data are expressed as a mean ± S.E.M. (A–C, n = 3; D, n = 4) * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 compared to the normal cells, # p < 0.05 compared to the PDGF-BB stimulated cells.