Table 2.
The non-volatile constituents of P. cablin.
| Compound Name | Formula | Plant Part | Analytical Method | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flavonoids | ||||
| Acacetin | C16H12O5 | Stem (Ethanol extract) | IR; HR; NMR | [60] |
| Apigenin | C15H10O5 | Air dried root (Ethanol extract) | HPLC-DAD | [51,58,60] |
| Diosmetin-7-O-β-d-gluco-pyranoside | C22H22O11 | Stem (Ethanol extract) | IR; HR; NMR | [60] |
| 4ʹ,5-Dihydroxy-3,3ʹ,7-trimethoxyflavone | C18H16O7 | Stem/Root (Ethanol extract) | IR; HR; NMR; HPLC-DAD | [51,60] |
| 4ʹ,5-Dihydroxy-3ʹ,7-dimethoxyflavanone | C17H16O6 | Whole plant (Ethanol & hexane extracts) | HSCCC; prep-HPLC;NMR | [59] |
| 5,4ʹ-Dihydroxy-3,3ʹ,7-trimethoxyflavanone | C18H18O7 | Whole plant/Root (Ethanol & hexane extracts) | HSCCC; prep-HPLC; NMR; HPLC-DAD | [51,59] |
| 3,5-Dihydroxy-7,4ʹ-dimethoxyflavanone | C29H36O15 | Whole plant/Root (Ethanol & hexane extracts) | HSCCC; prep-HPLC; NMR; HPLC-DAD | [51] |
| 5,7-Dihydroxy-3ʹ,4ʹ-dimethoxyflavanone | C29H36O15 | Aerial parts (Methanol extract) | UV; IR; MS; NMR | [56] |
| 5-Hydroxy-3,3ʹ,4ʹ,7-tetramethoxyflavone | C19H18O7 | Stem (Ethanol extract) | IR; HR; NMR | [51,60] |
| 5-Hydroxy-7,3ʹ,4ʹ-trimethoxyflavanone | C19H20O7 | Whole plant/Root (Ethanol & hexane extracts) | HSCCC; prep-HPLC; NMR; HPLC-DAD | [51,59] |
| 5-Hydroxy-3,7,3ʹ,4ʹ-tetrmethoxyflavanone | C19H18O6 | Whole plant/Root (Ethanol & hexane extracts) | HSCCC; prep-HPLC; NMR; HPLC-DAD | [51,59] |
| Licochalcone A | C21H2204 | Aerial parts (Methanol extract) | UV; IR; MS; NMR | [56] |
| Ombuin | C17H14O7 | Air dried aerial parts/Root (Ethanol extract) | HPLC-DAD; IR; MS; NMR | [51,56] |
| Rhamnetin | C16H12O7 | Air dried root(Ethanol extract) | HPLC-DAD | [51] |
| Retusine | C19H18O7 | Leaves | NMR; IR; MS; UV | [61] |
| Phytosterols | ||||
| 5α-Stigmast-3,6-dione | C29H48O2 | Aerial parts | Spectroscopy | [61] |
| Daucosterol | C35H60O6 | Leaves | NMR; IR; MS; UV | [58] |
| β-Sitosterol | C29H50O | Dried leaves | NMR; IR; MS; UV | [58,61,62] |
| Stigmasterol | C29H48O | Dried leaves (Hexane extract) | GCMS | [62] |
| Stigmast-4-ene-3-one | C29H48O | Aerial parts | Spectroscopy | [61] |
| Glycosides | ||||
| Acteoside | C29H36O15 | Arial parts (Methanol extract) | TLC; HPLC | [57] |
| Agastachoside | C24H24O11 | Stem (Ethanol extract) | IR; HR; NMR | [60] |
| Apigenin-7-O-(3ʺ,6ʺ-di-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-β-d-galacto-pyranoside | C30H26O12 | Leaf/Stem (Ethanol extract) | IR; HR; NMR | [58,60] |
| 3α-Hydroxypatchoulol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside | C21H36O7 | Air dried whole plant (Ethanol extract) | NMR | [63] |
| 15-Hydroxypatchoulol 15-O-β-d-glucopyranoside | C21H36O7 | Air dried whole plant (Ethanol extract) | NMR | [63] |
| Isocrenatoside | C29H34O15 | Arial parts/Stem (Methanol/Ethanol extract) | TLC;HPLC; IR;HR;NMR | [58,59,60] |
| 3ʺ-O-Methylcrenatoside | C29H36O15 | Stem (Ethanol extract) | IR; HR; NMR | [58,59,60] |
| Soya-cerebroside I and II | C40H75NO9 | Stem (Ethanol extract) | IR; HR; NMR | [60] |
| Tilianin | C22H22O10 | Stem (Ethanol extract) | IR; HR-ESI-MS; NMR | [60] |
| Rubusoside | C32H50O13 | Air dried whole plant (Ethanol extract) | NMR | [63] |
| Triterpenes | ||||
| Epifriedelinol | C30H52O | Leaves | Spectroscopy | [61] |
| Methyl oleanolate | C31H50O3 | Aerial parts | Spectroscopy | [61] |
| Sesquiterpenes | ||||
| 8α,9α-Dihydroxypatchoulol | C15H26O3 | Arial parts (Methanol extract) | IR;NMR | [64] |
| 3α,8α-Dihydroxypatchoulol | C15H26O3 | Arial parts (Methanol extract) | IR;NMR | [64] |
| 2β,12-Dihydroxypathoulol | C15H26O3 | Arial parts (Methanol extract) | IR;NMR | [64] |
| 10 α-Hydroperoxyguaia-1,11-diene | C15H25O2 | Dried whole herb (Acetone extract) | IR; NMR | [65] |
| 1 α-Hydroperoxyguaia-10(15),11-diene | C15H25O2 | Dried whole herb (Acetone extract) | IR; NMR | [65] |
| 15 α-Hydroperoxyguaia-1(10),11-diene | C15H24O2 | Dried whole herb (Acetone extract) | IR; NMR | [65] |
| 2-Keto-4β-hydroxyguai-1, 11-diene | C15H22O2 | Air dried stem (Ethanol extract) | UV; IR; NMR; MS | [66] |
| 4-Hydroxy-10-epi-rotundone | C15H22O2 | Air dried stem (Ethanol extract) | UV; IR; NMR; MS | [66] |
| 10 α-Hydroperoxyguaia-1,11-diene | C15H25O2 | Dried whole herb (Acetone extract) | IR; NMR | [65] |
| 1 α-Hydroperoxyguaia-10(15),11-diene | C15H25O2 | Dried whole herb (Acetone extract) | IR; NMR | [65] |
| 15 α-Hydroperoxyguaia-1(10),11-diene | C15H24O2 | Dried whole herb (Acetone extract) | IR; NMR | [65] |
| 6-Hydroxypatchoulol | C15H26O2 | Arial parts (Methanol extract) | IR; NMR | [64] |
| Patchouli alcohol | C15H26O | Leaf (n-hexane extract) | TLC; HPLC; HRMS; EIMS | [61,62] |
| Organic Acids | ||||
| Dibutyl phthalate | C16H22O4 | Aerial parts | Spectroscopy | [61] |
| Succinic acid | C4H6O4 | Aerial parts | Spectroscopy | [58,59] |
| Others | ||||
| Tschimganical A | C11H16O3 | Air dried stem (Ethanol extract) | UV; IR; NMR; MS | [62] |
| Uracil | C4H4N2O2 | Stem (Ethanol extract) | IR; HR; NMR | [60] |