. 2015 Feb 5;181(4):261–270. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwu313

Table 1.

Demographic and Criminal Characteristics by 6 Trajectory Groups Among 15,620 Adults Who Were Incarcerated in a New York City Jail and Spent at Least 1 Night at a New York City Single Adult Homeless Shelter During 2001–2003

Characteristic	Total (n = 15,620)		Trajectory
	Total (n = 15,620)		Temporary (n = 9,467)		Transition to Incarceration (n = 1,343)		Transition to Homelessness (n = 1,793)		Transition From Incarceration (n = 1,293)		Transition From Homelessness (n = 1,033)		Continuously Homeless (n = 691)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
Exposure in 2001–2003
Median no. incarceration events	2		1		4		2		3		1		2
Median no. days in jail	54		34		301		39		259		26		22
Median no. of days in jail days incarceration	25		19		82		19		83		12		11
Median no. of shelter stays	4		3		4		11		3		11		21
Median no. of days in shelters	42		20		32		273		20		314		662
Median shelter days per shelter event	8		6		6		25		6		29		33
Age as of June 30, 2002, years
18–24		11		12		10		9		10		8		5
25–34		25		26		27		21		25		21		15
35–44		41		40		45		40		46		41		39
45–54		19		18		15		24		15		25		32
55–89		5		4		3		6		4		5		9
Sex^a
Male		90		90		92		90		91		90		89
Female		10		10		8		10		9		10		11
Race/ethnicity^a
Non-Hispanic white		7		8		6		6		5		7		6
Non-Hispanic black		62		60		65		64		64		66		69
Hispanic		30		31		28		29		30		26		24
Asian		0		0		0		0		0		0		0
Other/unknown		1		1		1		1		1		1		1
Nativity^a
United States born		90		89		91		88		94		88		88
Foreign born		10		11		9		12		6		12		12
Neighborhood poverty level^b
Low (<10)		2		2		2		3		2		3		4
Medium (10 to <20)		16		16		16		15		16		13		15
High (20 to <30)		10		10		9		10		9		9		8
Very high (≥30)		40		40		41		40		39		40		35
Missing		33		32		32		32		33		35		38
Type of criminal charges
Drug possession		37		34		51		35		46		35		43
Drug sales		21		18		31		19		35		14		22
Violence		32		30		46		33		40		30		28
Public administration		31		30		40		31		36		30		29
Property		41		37		60		39		53		40		44
Weapons		4		4		7		5		5		3		3
Quality of life		9		9		9		9		7		9		9
Sex crimes		3		2		3		3		4		3		4
Substance use^c		41		37		54		42		49		39		51
Serious mental illness^c		3		2		4		6		2		6		9

^a Because we did not include a small number of subjects among adults with incarceration who had missing data (sex, 1%; race/ethnicity, 1%; nativity, 1%), the sum of these numbers does not match the total numbers of individuals.

^b Parenthetical values are the percentages of the neighborhood population who live below the poverty line.

^c Proxy measures (in which substance use was defined as being charged with drug possession or transferred to a substance use treatment clinic and serious mental illness was defined as being transferred to a state psychiatric hospital or mental health treatment clinics) were used to capture substance use and prior severe mental illness.