Table 2.
Observed Number of Deaths and Standardized Mortality Ratios by Incarceration/Homelessness Trajectory Group Among 15,620 Adults Who Had Been Both Incarcerated and Homeless, New York City, 2004–2005
| Trajectory | All-Cause Death |
Drug-Related Death |
HIV-Related Death |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Deaths | SMRa | 95% CI | No. of Deaths | SMRa | 95% CI | No. of Deaths | SMRa | 95% CI | |
| Temporary | 144 | 1.35 | 1.14, 1.59 | 33 | 4.60 | 3.17, 6.46 | 29 | 1.54 | 1.03, 2.21 |
| Transition to incarceration | 12 | 0.80 | 0.41, 1.40 | 2 | 1.95 | 0.24, 7.04 | 3 | 1.06 | 0.22, 3.10 |
| Transition from incarceration | 18 | 1.23 | 0.73, 1.94 | 4 | 4.00 | 1.09, 10.25 | 4 | 1.46 | 0.40, 3.74 |
| Transition to homelessness | 20 | 0.81 | 0.49, 1.25 | 6 | 3.62 | 1.33, 7.87 | 2 | 0.46 | 0.06, 1.66 |
| Transition from homelessness | 18 | 1.24 | 0.73, 1.96 | 5 | 5.10 | 1.66, 11.91 | 2 | 0.77 | 0.09, 2.79 |
| Continuously homeless | 11 | 0.93 | 0.47, 1.67 | 1 | 1.29 | 0.03, 7.20 | 0 | N/A | N/A |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; N/A, not applicable; SMR, standardized mortality ratio.
a SMR among trajectory groups was compared with nonincarcerated/nonsheltered New York City residents and adjusted for for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and neighborhood poverty level.