Table 5.
ITCs inhibit the in vivo and ex vivo growth of prostate tumors by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation.
| ITC | Factor | Model (Cell Line) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| BITC | ↓ Ki-67 | TRAMP | [161] |
| BITC | ↓ Cyclin D1 | TRAMP | [161] |
| BITC | ↓ Cyclin A | TRAMP | [161] |
| BITC | ↓ Cdk2 | TRAMP | [161] |
| PEITC | ↓ Akt | TRAMP | [155] |
| PEITC | ↓ FKHR | TRAMP | [155] |
| PEITC | ↑ IGFBP3 | Subcutaneous xenograft (LNCaP) | [160] |
| PEITC | ≈ Ki-67 | Subcutaneous xenograft (LNCaP) | [148] |
| PEITC | ↓ Ki-67 | TRAMP | [12] |
| PEITC | ≈ PCNA | Subcutaneous xenograft (LNCaP) | [148] |
| PEITC | ↓ PCNA | TRAMP | [155] |
| PEITC | ↓ PCNA | Subcutaneous xenograft (PC3) | [154] |
| PEITC | ↓ PDK1 | TRAMP | [155] |
| PEITC-NAC | ↓ Cyclin D1 | Subcutaneous xenograft (PC3) | [65] |
| PEITC-NAC | ↓ Cyclin E | Subcutaneous xenograft (PC3) | [65] |
| PEITC-NAC | ↑ p21 | Subcutaneous xenograft (PC3) | [65] |
| PEITC-NAC | ↑ p27 | Subcutaneous xenograft (PC3) | [65] |
| PEITC-NAC | ↓ pRb | Subcutaneous xenograft (PC3) | [65] |
| SFN | ↓ COX-2 | Orthotopic assay (PC3) | [147] |
| SFN | ↓ Cyclin D1 | Orthotopic assay (PC3) | [147] |
| SFN | ↓ IL-6 | Orthotopic assay (PC3) | [147] |
| SFN | ↓ IL-8 | Orthotopic assay (PC3) | [147] |
| SFN | ↓ Ki-67 | Orthotopic assay (PC3) | [147] |
| SFN | ↓ Ki-67 | CAM xenograft (PC3) | [123] |
| SFN | ↓ PCNA | TRAMP | [152] |
| SFN | ↓ PCNA | Orthotopic assay (PC3) | [147] |
Abbreviations: ↑, enhanced expression; ≈, no change in expression; ↓, reduced expression; BITC, benzyl isothiocyanate; CAM, chorioallantoic membrane; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; FKHR, forkhead transcription factor FOXO1; IGFBP3, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3; IL, interleukin; p21, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1; p27, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PDK1, pyruvate dhydrogenase kinase, iozyme 1; PEITC, phenethyl isothiocyanate; PEITC-NAC, N-acetylcysteine conjugate of phenethyl isothiocyanate; SFN, sulforaphane; pRb, Rb protein; TRAMP, transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model.