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. 2016 Aug 18;21(8):1080. doi: 10.3390/molecules21081080

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© 2016 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Schematic structure of highly-fluorescent lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QD) with emission peak at 1100 nm (QD1100). QD1100 is coated with mercaptoundecanoic acid to make it soluble in water; (b) Fluorescence spectrum of QD1100 in water. Inset: near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence image (>1000 nm) of QD1100. For comparison, fluorescence image (>1000 nm) of silver sulfide (Ag₂S) QDs (emission maximum: 1250 nm) is also shown. Excitation: 785 nm; (c) TEM image of QD1100; (d) Hydrodynamic diameter of QD1100 in water, determined by dynamic light scattering.